Abstract
Transformation mechanisms of the most important classes of phenolic antioxidants are given for the conditions of inhibited oxidation. Properties and importance of the main types of formed products are reviewed with respect to the long-term properties of polyolefins.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
VII. References
Heller, H. J., Blattmann, H. R.: Pure Appl. Chem. 36, 141 (1973)
Reich, L., Stivala, S. S.: Autoxidation of hydrocarbons and polyolefins. Kinetics and mechanism. New York: Dekker 1969
Scott, G.: Atmospheric oxidation and antioxidants. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1965
Pospíšil, J.: Antioxidanty. Praha: Academia 1968
Pospíšil, J.: Chain-breaking antioxidants in polymer stabilization. In: Developments in polymer stabilization, Scott, G. (ed.). London: Applied Science Publishers 1979, Volume 1, pp. 1–37
Pospíšil, J., Rotschová, J.: Rév. Gen. Caoutch. Plast. 54, No 567, 72, No 568, 73, No 569, 131 (1977)
Pospíšil, J.: Pure Appl. Chem. 36, 207 (1973)
Pospíšil, J.: Elucidation of structure-effectiveness relations of phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene. In: Kinetics and mechanism of polyreactions. IUPAC Intern. Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Plenary and main lectures volume. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó 1971, pp. 789–808
Pospíšil, J.: Plaste Kaut. 24, 396 (1977)
Pokhodenko, V. D., Khizhnyi, V. A., Bidzilya, V. A.: Usp. Khim. 37, 998 (1968)
Forrester, A. R., Hay, J. M., Thomson, R. H.: Organic chemistry of stable free radicals. London-New York: Academic Press 1968
Altwicker, E. R.: Chem. Rev. 67, 475 (1967)
Ershov, V. V., Nikiforov, G. A., Volodkin, A. A.: Prostranstvenno-zatrudnennye fenoly. Moscow: Khimiya 1972
Mc Gowman, J. C., Powell, T.: J. Chem. Soc. 1960, 238
Waters, W. A.: Homolytic oxidation processes. In: Progress in organic chemistry, Volume 5. London: Butterworths 1961, pp. 1–45
Mahoney, L. R.: Angew. Chem. 81, 555 (1969)
Rieker, A., Müller, E., Beckert, W.: Z. Naturforsch. 17b, 718 (1962)
Rieker, A., Kessler, H.: Z. Naturforsch. 21b, 939 (1966)
Griva, A. P., Denisov, E. T.: Intern. J. Chem. Kinet. 5, 369 (1973)
Neiman, M. B., Mamedova, Yu. G., Blenke, P., Butchatchenko, A. L.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 144, 392 (1962)
Westfahl, J. C., Carman, C. J., Layer, R. W.: Rubber. Chem. Technol. 45, 402 (1972)
Tkáč, A., Omelka, L., Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Org. Magnet. Resonance in press
Tkáč, A., Omelka, L., Jiráčkova, L., Pospíšil, J.: Org. Magnet. Resonance in press
Müller, E., Ley, K., Kriedasch, W.: Chem. Ber. 87, 1605 (1954)
Mahoney, L. R., Weiner, S. A.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94, 585, 1412 (1972)
Matsuura, T., Nishinaga, A., Cahnmann, H. J.: J. Org. Chem. 27, 3620 (1962)
de Jonge, C. R. H. L., Hageman, H. J., Huysmans, W. G. B., Mijs, W. J.: Am. Chem. Soc., Org. Coatings Plastics Div. 34, 107 (1974)
Rieker, A., Zeller, N., Schurr, K., Müller, E.: Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 697, 1 (1966)
Müller, E., Mayer, R., Narr, B., Rieker, A., Scheffer, K.: Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 645, 25 (1961)
Taimr, L., Pivcová, H., Pospíšil, J.: Chem. Ind. (London) 1975, 747
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 40, 977 (1975)
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 40, 987 (1975)
Horswill, E. C., Ingold, K. U.: Can. J. Chem. 44, 269 (1966)
Kharash, M. S., Yoshi, B. S.: J. Org. Chem. 22, 1439 (1957)
Horswill, E. C., Ingold, K. U.: Can. J. Chem. 44, 263 (1966)
Yohe, G. R., Hill, D. R., Dunbar, J. E., Scheidt, F. M.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 95, 2688 (1953)
Waters, W. A., Wickham-Jones, C.: J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 2420
Bourdon, J., Calvin, J.: J. Org. Chem. 22, 101 (1957)
Chandross, E. A., Kreilick, R.: J. Amer, Chem. Soc. 85, 2530 (1963); 86, 117 (1964)
Becker, H. D.: J. Org. Chem. 34, 1203 (1969)
Kurechi, T., Senda, H.: Eisei Kagaku 23, 267 (1977); Chem. Abstr. 88, 190281e (1978)
Waring, A. J.: Cyclohexadienones. In: Advances in alicyclic chemistry. Hart, H., Karabatsos, G. J. (eds.) New York: Academic Press, Vol. 1, 1966, pp. 129–256
Waring, A. J.: Österr. Chem. Ztg. 68, 232 (1967)
Ingold, K. U.: Can. J. Chem. 41, 2816 (1963)
Bickel, A. F., Kooyman, E. C.: J. Chem. Soc. 1953, 3211
Becconsall, J. K., Clough, S., Scott, G.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 56, 459 (1960)
Huysmans, W. G. B., Waters, W. A.: J. Chem. Soc. B. 1966, 1047
Bauer, R. H., Coppinger, G. M.: Tetrahedron, 19, 1201 (1963)
Taimr, L., Pivcová, H., Pospíšil, J.: Collect, Czech. Chem. Commun. 37, 1912 (1972)
Yoshikawa, Y., Kumanotani, J.: Makromol. Chem. 134, 33 (1970)
Magnusson, K.: Acta Chem. Scand. 18, 759 (1964)
Magnusson, K.: Acta Chem. Scand. 20, 2211 (1966)
Sirimewan, K. W., Scott, G.: Europ. Polym. J. 14, 835 (1978)
Hatchard, W. R., Lipscomb, S. F. W.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 80, 3636 (1958)
Zikmund, L., Taimr, L., Čoupek, J., Pospíšil, J.: Europ. Polym. J. 8, 83 (1972)
Pospíšil, J., Kotulak, L., Halaška, V.: Europ. Polym. J. 7, 33 (1971)
Jiráčkova, L., Pospíšil, J.: Europ. Polym. J. 8, 75 (1972)
Cook, C. D., Norcross, B. E.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 78, 3797 (1956)
Becker, H. D.: J. Org. Chem. 30, 982 (1965)
Bennett, J. E.: Nature 186, 385 (1960)
Cook, C. D., Norcross, B. E.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 1176 (1959)
Brodskij, A. I., Pokhodenko, V. D., Khizhnyi, V. A., Kalibabkhuk, N. N.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 169, 339 (1966)
Stebbins, R., Sicilio, F.: Tetrahedron 26, 291 (1970)
Kudinova, L. L., Volodkin, A. A., Ershov, V. V.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 1661
Cook, C. D., Nash, N. G., Flanagan, H. R.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77, 1783 (1955)
Filar, J. R., Weinstein, S.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1960, 9
Coppinger, G. M.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 86, 4385 (1964)
Loy, B. R.: J. Org. Chem. 31, 2386 (1966)
Khudyakov, A. V., de Jonge, C. R. H. I., Levin, P. P., Kuzmin, V. A.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 1492
Müller, E., Mayer, R., Heilmann, V., Scheffer, K.: Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 645, 66 (1961)
Müller, E., Schick, A., Mayer, R., Scheffer, K.: Chem. Ber. 93, 2649 (1960)
Ayscough, P. B., Russell, K. E.: Can. J. Chem. 45, 3019 (1967)
Kudinova, L. I., Volodkin, A. A., Ershov, V. V.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 2797
Samsonova, L. V., Taimr, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 65, 197 (1977)
Brieskorn, C. H., Kallmayer, H.-J.: Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 741, 124 (1970)
Bartlett, P. D., Rüchardt, D.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 82, 1756 (1960)
Kharash, M. S., Joshi, B. S.: J. Org. Chem. 22, 1435 (1957)
Brieskorn, C. H., Ullmann, K.: Chem. Ber. 100, 618 (1967)
Steenlink, C., Fitzpatrick, J. D., Kispert, L. D., Hyde, J. S.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 90, 4354 (1958)
Bartlett, P. D., Funahashi, F.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 84, 2596 (1962)
Greene, F. D., Adam, W., Coutrill, J. E.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 83, 3461 (1961)
Greene, F. D., Adam, W.: J. Org. Chem. 28, 3550 (1963)
Dubinskij, V. Z., Beljakov, V. A., Roginskij, V. A., Miller, V. B.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1975, 51
O'Shea, F. X.: Advan. Chem. Ser. 85, 126 (1968)
Taimr, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 28, 13 (1973)
Yang, N. C., Castro, A. J.: Amer. Chem. Soc. 82, 6208 (1960)
Chandross, E. A.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 86, 1263 (1964)
Koch, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 20, 7 (1971)
Koch, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 20, 21 (1971)
Dann, H., Gilbert, S. G., Giacin, J.: J. Amer. Oil Chemist's Soc. 51, 404 (1974)
Popova, G. S.: Zhur. Prikl. Khim. 46, 419 (1973)
Kaimai, T.: Sekiyu Gakkai Shi 21, No 2, 89 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 89, 149065 v (1978)
Wagner, H. V., Compper, R.: Quinone methides. In: The chemistry of the quinonoid compounds. Patai, S. (ed.). London: John Wiley & Sons 1974, pp. 1145–1178
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 57, 261 (1976)
Virt, J., Rosík, L., Kovářová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J., (submitted)
Taimr, L., Pospíšil, J.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1972, 4279
Lerchová, J., Nikiforov, G. A., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 57, 249 (1976)
Volodkin, A. A., Ershov, V. V., Gorodetskaya, N. N., Tupikina, A., Kudinova, L. I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 227, 896 (1976)
Schuster, D. I., Krull, I. S.: Molecular Photochem. 1, 107 (1969)
Krull, I. S., Schuster, D. I.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 135
Becker, H. D.: J. Org. Chem. 32, 2115 (1967)
Matsuura, T., Ogura, K.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 42, 2970 (1969)
Taimr, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 52, 31 (1976)
Dubinskij, V. Z., Roginskij, V. A., Miller, V. B., Shlyapnikova, I. A.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1975, 1180
Chien, J. C. W., Boss, C. R.: J. Polym. Sci. A-1, 5, 1683 (1967)
Bickel, A. F., Kooymann, E. C.: J. Chem. Soc. 1957, 2415
Moore, R. F., Waters, W. A.: J. Chem. Soc. 1954, 246
Hey, M. E., Waters, W. A.: J. Chem. Soc. 1955, 2753
Hey, M. E., Waters, W. A., J. Chem. Soc. 1954, 243
Kovářová-Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J. 13, 975 (1977)
Chien, J. C. W.: Hydroperoxides in degradation and stabilisation of polymers. In: Degradation and stabilisation of polymers. Geuskens, G. (ed.). London: Applied Science Publishers 1975, pp. 95–112
Coppinger, G. M.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 79, 2758 (1957)
Chien, J. C. W., Vandenberg, E. J., Jabloner, H.: J. Polym. Sci. A-1, 6, 381 (1968)
Kovářová-Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J. 14, 463 (1978)
Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Chem. Ind. 1975, 516
Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 38, 191 (1974)
Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 39, 107 (1974)
Kovářová-Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Chem. Ind. 1978, 91
Dubinskij, V. Z., Roginskij, V. A., Miller, V. B.: Vysokomol. Soed. 18A, 2567 (1976)
Roginskij, V. A., Dubinskij, V. Z., Shlyapnikova, I. A., Miller, V. B.: Eur. Polym. J. 13, 1043 (1977)
Dubinskij, V. Z., Roginskij, V. A., Miller, V. B.: Dokl. Akad, Nauk SSSR, 220, 1360 (1975)
Roginskij, V. A., Plekhanova, L. G., Dubinskij, V. Z., Nikiforov, G. A., Ershov, V. V., Miller, V. B.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1975, 1327
Koch, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 20, 35 (1971)
Kovářová-Lerchová, J., Pilař, J., Samay, G., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J. 14, 601 (1978)
Lerchová, J., Kotulak, L., Rotschová, J., Pilař, J., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 57, 229 (1976)
Pilař, J., Kovářová, J., Pospíšil, J.: unpublished results
Dulog, L., Stahlberg, H.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 74, 285 (1978)
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 57, 255 (1976)
Shlyapnikova, I. A., Dubinskij, V. Z., Roginskij, V. A., Miller, V. B.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1977, 57
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: unpublished results
Campbell, T. N., Coppinger, G. M.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 74, 1469 (1952)
Ogura, K., Matsuura, T.: Tetrahedron 26, 445 (1970)
Ranby, B., Rabek, J. F.: Photodegradation, photo-oxidation and photostabilization of polymers. London: Wiley 1975
Lind, H., Winkler, T., Loeliger, H.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 57, 225 (1976)
Pilař, J., Kovářová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Org. Magnet. Resonance (submitted)
Lind, H., Loeliger, H., Winkler, T.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1978, 1571
Kovářová, J., Pilař, J., Pospíšil, J.: unpublished results
Kotulak, L., Pospíšil, J.: 19th IUPAC Microsymposium “Mechanisms of degradation and stabilization of hydrocarbon polymers“, Prague Czechoslovakia, 1979
Sedlář, J., Kovářová, J., Pác, J., Pospíšil, J.: unpublished results
Virt, J., Rosík, L., Kovářová, J., Pospíšil, J.: unpublished results
Lind, H., Loeliger, H.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 2569
Tkáč, A., Omelka, L.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 40, 119 (1973)
Johnston, K. M., Jacobson, R. E., Williams, G. H.: J. Chem. Soc. C. 1969, 1424
Ingold, K. U.: Can. J. Chem. 41, 2807 (1963)
Bidzilja, V. A., Pokhodenko, V. D., Brodskij, A. I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 166, 1099 (1966)
Cook, C. D., Woodworth, R. C.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 75, 6242 (1953)
Cook, C. D., Gilmour, N. D.: J. Org. Chem. 25, 1429 (1960)
Dimroth, K., Kalk, F., Neubauer, G.: Chem. Ber. 90, 2058 (1957)
Nishinaga, A., Watanabe, K., Matsuura, T.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1974, 1291
Sklyarova, E. G., Lukovnikov, A. F., Khidekel, M. L., Karpov, V. V.: Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, otd. khim. 1965, 1093
Cook, C. D., Woodworth, R. C., Fianu, P. J.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 78, 4159 (1956)
Müller, E., Ley, K., Schmidhuber, W.: Chem. Ber. 89, 1738 (1956)
Trozzolo, A. M., Winslow, F. H.: Macromolecules 1, 98 (1968)
Kaplan, M. L., Kelleher, P. G.: Rubber, Chem. Technol. 45, 423 (1972)
Belluš, D.: Quenchers of singlet oxygen — a critical review. In: Singlet oxygen. Reactions with organic compounds and polymers. Ranby, B., Rabek, J. F. (eds.) Chichester-New York-Brisbane-Toronto: John Wiley 1978, pp. 61–110
Sujakin, A. P., Samsonova, L. V., Shlyapintokh, V. J., Ershov, V. V.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 55
Adams, W. R.: Photosensitized oxygenations. In: Oxidation. Techniques and applications in organic syntheses. Augustin, R. L., Trecker, D. J. (eds.) New York: Decker 1971. Vol. II, pp. 65–112
Foote, C. S.: Acc. Chem. Res. 1, 104 (1968)
Kearns, D. R.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 91, 6554 (1969)
Matsuura, T., Omura, K., Nakashima, R.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 38, 1358 (1965)
Pfoertner, K., Böse, D.: Helv. Chim. Acta 53, 1553 (1970)
Taimr, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 39, 189 (1974)
Foote, C. S., Thomas, M., Ching, T. Y.: J. Photochem. 5, 172 (1976)
Coppinger, G. M.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 79, 501 (1957)
Gersmann, H. R., Bickel, A. F.: J. Chem. Soc. 1962, 2356
Gersmann, H. R., Bickel, A. F.: J. Chem. Soc. 1959, 2711
Bickel, A. F., Gersmann, H. R.: Proc. Chem. Soc. 1957, 231
Clough, R. L., Yee, B. G., Foote, C. S.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 101, 683 (1979)
Carlsson, D. J., Sproule, D. E., Wiles, D. M.: Macromolecules 5, 659 (1972)
Taimr, L., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 57, 213 (1976)
Lichtenthaler, R. G., Ranfelt, F.: J. Chromatogr. 149, 553 (1978)
Taimr, L., Pivcová, H., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 80, 149 (1979)
Hixson, S. S., Mariano, P. S., Zimmermann, H. E.: Chem. Rev. 73, 531 (1973)
Matsuura, T., Ogura, K.: Tetrahedron 24, 6167 (1968)
Ogura, K., Matsuura, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 43, 3187 (1970)
Chien, J. C., Boss, C. R., Jabloner, H., Vandenberg, E. J.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed. 10, 915 (1972)
Paris, J. P., Gorsuch, J. D., Hercules, D. M.: Anal. Chem. 36, 1332 (1964)
Matsuura, T., Yoshimura, N., Nishinaga, A., Saito, I.: Tetrahedron 28, 4933 (1972)
Prokofev, A. I., Solodovnikov, S. P., Bogdanov, G. V., Nikiforov, G. A., Ershov, V. V.: Teor. Eksper. Khim. 3, 416 (1967)
Pospíšil, J., Taimr, L., Kotulak, L.: Advan. Chem. Ser. 85, 169 (1968)
Pospíšil, J., Kotulák, L., Taimr, L.: Advan. Chem. Ser. 85, 191 (1968)
Pospíšil, J., Lisá, E., Buben, I.: Eur. Polym. J. 6, 1347 (1970)
Pospíšil, J., Kotulak, L., Taimr., L.: Eur. Polym. J. 7, 255 (1971)
Pospíšil, J.: Chem. Listy 10, 576 (1958)
Ryba, O., Petránek, J., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 30, 843 (1965)
Ryba, O., Petránek, J., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 30, 2157 (1965)
Lisá, E., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 40, 209 (1973)
Lisá, E., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 40, 233 (1973)
Ettel, V., Pospíšil, J.: Collect, Czech. Chem. Commun. 22, 1618 (1957)
Ettel, V., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 22, 1624 (1957)
Pospíšil, J., Ettel, V.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 24, 341 (1959)
Pospíšil, J., Ettel, V.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 24, 729 (1959)
Pospíšil, J.: Sci. Papers, Inst. Chem. Technol., Prague, Organic Technology 4, Part 2, 491 (1960)
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1967, 5123
Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 34, 1991 (1969)
Pilař, J., Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 35, 489 (1970)
Pilař, J., Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 4203
Pilař, J., Buben, I., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 37, 3599 (1972)
Pilař, J.: J. Phys. Chem. 74, 4029 (1970)
Pospíšil, J., Taimr, L., Horák, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 40, 319 (1973)
Lerchová, J., Pospíšil, J.: J. Polym. Sci., Symposia 40, 307 (1973)
Dulog, L., Vogt, W.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1967, 1915
Lloyd, W. G., Zimmermann, R. G., Dietzler, A. J.: Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Devel. 5, 326 (1966)
Lloyd, W. G., Zimmermann, R. G.: Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Devel. 4, 180 (1965)
Foster, R., Foreman, R. I.: Quinone complexes. In: The chemistry of the quinonoid compounds. Patai, S. (ed.), London-New York-Sydney-Toronto: Wiley 1974, pp. 257–334
Becker, H.-D.: Quinones as oxidants and dehydrogenating agents. In: The chemistry of the quinonoid compounds. Patai, S. (ed.). London-New York-Sydney-Toronto: Wiley 1974, pp. 335–424
Neunhoeffer, O., Heitmann, P.: Chem. Ber. 96, 1027 (1963)
Becker, H. D.: J. Org. Chem. 34, 1198 (1969)
Horner, L., Weber, K. H.: Chem. Ber. 96, 1568 (1963)
Horner, L., Weber, K. H.: Chem. Ber. 100, 2842 (1967)
Musso, H., Pietsch, H.: Chem. Ber. 100, 2854 (1967)
Sandermann, W., Simatupang, M.: Tetrahedron Lett. 1963, 1269
Guryanova, V. V., Kovarskaya, B. M., Miller, V. B. Shlyapnikov, Yu. A.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1971, 289
Lisá, E., Kotulak, L., Petránek, J., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J. 8, 501 (1972)
Dunn, J. R., Waters, W. A., Wickham-Jones, C.: J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 2427
Moore, R. F., Waters, W. A.: J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 2432
Hartel, H.: Chimia 19, 116 (1965)
Yassin, A. A., Rizk, N. A.: Eur. Polym. J. 13, 441 (1977)
Shlyapnikova, I. A.: Roginskij, V. A. Miller, V. B.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 2487
Allen, N. S., McKellar, J. F., Protopapas, S. A.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 22, 1451 (1978)
Torsueva, E. S., Shlyapnikov, Yu. A.: Vysokomol. Soed. 19B, 377 (1977)
Torsueva, E. S., Shlyapnikov, Yu. A.: Vysokomol. Soed. 20B, 446 (1978)
Bruce, J. M.: Photochemistry of quinones. In: The chemistry of the quinonoid compounds. Patai, S. (ed.). London-New York-Sydney-Toronto: Wiley 1974, pp. 465–538
Schönberg, A., Mustafa, A.: Chem. Rev. 40, 181 (1947)
Bruce, J. M.: Quart. Rev. 21, 405 (1967)
Rubin, M. B.: Fortschr. Chem. Forch. 13, 251 (1969)
Horspool, W. H.: Chemical Society Specialist Periodical Reports 1, 1 (1970), 2, 1 (1971)
Rabek, J. F., Ranby, B.: J. Polym. Sci. 12, 295 (1974)
Aleksandrov, A. I., Bubnov, N. N., Lazarev, G. G., Lebedev, J. S., Prokofev, A. I.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1976, 515
Ivanov, J. A., Lazarov, G. G., Lebedev, J. S., Serdobov, M. V.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 2134
Lazarev, G. G., Lebedev, J. S., Serdobov, M. V.: Izv. Adka. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1978, 2520
Tumanskij, B. L., Prokofev, A. I., Bubnov, N. N., Solodovnikov, M. I., Kabatschnik, S. P.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd. khim. 1975, 2816
Tsuruya, S., Yonezawa, T.: J. Org. Chem. 39, 2438 (1974)
Andrushenko, D. A., Gogdam, L. S., Kachan, A. A., Shrubovich, V. A.: Vysokomol. Soed. 14A, 594 (1972)
Kitano, M.: Jap. pat. 71 24, 796 (1971)
Rabek, J. F.: Chem. Stosow. 11, 89 (1967)
Rabek. J. F.: 23rd IUPAC Congress on Macromolecular Chemistry, Boston USA, 1971
Rabek, J. F., Ranby, B.: J. Polym. Sci. A1, 12, 295 (1974)
Nakamura, K., Yamada, T., Honda, K.: Chem. Lett. (Japan) 1973, 35
Wilkinson, F., Schroeder, J.: J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. II, 1979, 441
Orlando, M C., Mark, A., Bose, A. K., Manhas, M. S.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 89, 6527 (1967)
Petránek, J., Ryba, O., Doskočilová, D.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 32, 2140 (1967)
Foster, T., Elliot, A. D., Adeleke, B. B., Wan, J. K. S.: Can. J. Chem. 56, 869 (1978)
Bruce, J. M., Chandhry, A.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1972, 372
Sviridov, B. D., Gryzunova, L. P., Kuznec, V. M., Nikiforov, G. A., de Jonge, C. R. H. I., Hageman, C. I., Ershov, V. V.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, otd, khim. 1978, 2160
Cookson, R. C., Frankel, J. J., Hudec, J.: J. Chem. Soc. D, 13, 16 (1965)
Lindsey, A. S.: Polymeric quinones. In: The chemistry of the quinonoid compounds. Patai, S. (ed.). London-New York-Sydney-Toronto: Wiley 1974, pp. 793–856
Donet, J.-B., Voet, A.: Carbon black. Physics, chemistry and elastomers reinforcement. New York: Dekker 1976
Matreyek, W., Winslow, F. H.: Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem. 16, No 1, 606 (1975)
Hawkins, W. L., Lanza, V. L., Loffler, B. B., Matreyek, W., Winslow, F. H.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1, 43 (1959)
Hawkins, W. L., Hansen, R. H., Matreyek, W., Winslow, F. H.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1, 37 (1959)
Crompton, C. R.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 6, 558 (1962)
Vlyugova, M. F., Demidova, V. N., Matveeva, E. I.: Plast. Massy 1978, No 8, 26
Scheele, W., Hillmer, K. H.: Kaut. Gummi Kunstst. 27, No 2, 43 (1974)
Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J. 9, 71 (1973)
Prusíková, M., Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 37, 3788 (1972)
Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Collect, Czech. Chem. Commun. 40, 2800 (1975)
Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Eur. Polym. J. 10, 975 (1974)
Jiráčková, L., Jelínková, T., Rotschová, J., Pospíšil, J.: Chem. Ind. 1979, 384
Brunton. G., Gilbert, B. C., Mawly, C. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1267 (1976)
Bridgewater, A. J., Sexton, M. D.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1978, 530
Farzaliev, V. M., Fernando, W. S. E., Scott, G.: Eur. Polym. J. 14, 785 (1978)
Vodzinskij, Y. V., Vasileva, A. A., Korshunov, I. A., Abakamor, G. A.: Elektrokhimiya 7, 24 (1971)
Westfahl, J. C., Carman, G. J., Layer, R. W.: Rubber. Chem. Technol. 46, 1134 (1973)
Stegmann, H. B., Scheffer, K., Müller, E.: Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 677, 59 (1964)
Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 70, 135 (1978)
Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 82, 197 (1979)
Tkáč, A., Omelka, L., Kovářová, J., Pospíšil, J.: unpublished results
Adams, M., Blois, M. S., Sands, R. H.: J. Chem. Phys. 28, 774 (1958)
Allen, N. S., Bullen, D. J., McKellar, J. F.: J. Mater. Sci. 13, 2692 (1978)
Weinstein, A. H.: Rubber Chem. Technol. 50, 641 (1977)
Jiráčková, L., Pospíšil, J.: Angew. Makromol. Chem. 66, 95 (1978)
Hawkins, W. L., Worthington, M. A.: J. Polym. Sci. A1, 3489 (1963)
Hawkins, W. L., Sautter, H.: J. Polym. Sci. A1, 3499 (1963)
Bateman, L., Hagrove, K. R.: Proc. Roy. Soc. A224, 389, 399 (1954)
Bateman, L., Cunneen, J. I., Ford, J.: J. Chem. Soc. 1956, 3056
Hagrove, K. R.: Proc. Roy. Soc. A235, 55 (1956)
Kice, J. L.: Sulfur-centered radicals. In: Free radicals. Kochi, J. K. (ed.). New York-London-Sydney-Toronto: Wiley 1973, Vol. II, pp. 711–740
Denison, G. H., Condit, P. C.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 36, 477 (1944); 37, 1102 (1945); 41, 994 (1949)
Barnard. D., Bateman, L., Cain, M. E., Colclough, T., Cunneen, J. I.: J. Chem. Soc. 1961, 5337
Kice, J. L., Cleveland, J. P.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 95, 109 (1973)
Shelton, J. R., Davis, K. E.: Intern. J. Sulphur Chem. 8, 197, 200 (1973)
Ager, I., Barton, D. H. R., Greig, D. G. T., Lucente, G., Samnes, P. G., Taylor, M. V., Hewitt, G. H., Looker, B. E., Mowatt, A., Robson, C. A., Underwood, W. G. E.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1973, 1187
Stendel, R., Lutte, J.: Chem. Ber. 110, 423 (1977)
Kice, J. L., Engelbrecht, R. H., Pawlowski, N. E.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 87, 4131 (1965)
Schäfer, K., Bonifačič, M., Bahnemann, D., Asmus, K.-D.: J. Phys. Chem. 82, 2777 (1978)
Kovtun, G. A., Trofimov, G. A., Mashonina, S. N.: Zhur. Prikl. Khim. 49, 1851 (1976)
Aliev, A. S., Farzaliev, V. M., Abdullaeva, F. A., Denisov, E. T.: Neftekhimiya 15, 890 (1975)
Husbands, M. J., Scott, G.: Eur. Polym. J. 15, 249 (1979)
Chien, J. C. W., Boss, C. R.: J. Polym. Sci. A1, 10, 1579 (1972)
Hawkins, W. L., Sautter, H.: Chem. Ind. 1961, 1825
Armstrong, C., Husbands, M. J., Scott, G.: Eur. Polym. J. 15, 241 (1979)
Scott, G.: Mechanisms of reactions of sulfur compounds, 4, 99 (1969)
Armstrong, C., Plant, M. A., Scott, G.: Eur. Polym. J. 11, 161 (1975)
Scott, G.: Eur. Polym. J., Supplement 1969, 189
Scott, G., Shearn, P. A.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 13, 1329 (1969)
Armstrong, C., Scott, G.: J. Chem. Soc. B, 1971, 1747
Scott, G.: Pure Appl. Chem. 30, 267 (1972)
Armstrong, C., Scott, G.: Eur. Polym. J. 11, 271 (1975)
van Tiborg, W. J. M., Smael, P.: Rec. Trav. Chim. 95, 132 (1976)
Koelevijn, P., Berger, H.: Rec. Trav. Chim. 91, 1275 (1972)
Koelevijn, P., Berger, H.: Rec. Trav. Chim. 93, 63 (1974)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pospíšil, J. (1980). Transformations of phenolic antioxidants and the role of their products in the long-term properties of polyolefins. In: Properties of Polymers. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-10204-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-10204-3_3
Received:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-10204-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38275-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive