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Fracture and failure of multiphase polymers and polymer composites

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Failure in Polymers

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 27))

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Abbreviations

a :

Crack length

\(\dot a\) :

Crack speed

A:

Eyring pre-exponential factor

Ae :

Effective cross-sectional area of specimen

Ao :

Total cross-sectional area of specimen

ΔA :

Area strain

B :

Specimen thickness in impact test

C :

Specimen compliance

C(t, T):

Parameters in Oxborough and Bowden's criterion

D(t, T):

for crazing

E :

Young's modulus

G IC :

Fracture surface energy in opening mode (Mode I)

G IIC :

Fracture surface energy in in-plane shear mode (Mode II)

G I, IIC :

Fracture surface energy for mixture of Modes I and II

G IC (ø):

Fracture surface energy of composite

G IC (O):

Fracture surface energy of matrix

h:

Length of crack tip

ΔH :

Activation enthalpy

I :

Impact energy (impact strength)

I ke :

Kinetic energy contribution to impact strength

J I :

Path independent energy line integral around a crack tip

J IC :

Critical value of J I at crack initiation

k :

Boltzmann's constant

K I :

Stress intensity factor at crack tip

K IC :

Fracture toughness

K IC (ε):

Plane strain fracture toughness

K IC (σ):

Plane stress fracture toughness

L :

Plastic zone length

r y :

Radius of yield zone

R :

Energy absorbed per unit area of ligament in impact test

t :

Time

T :

Temperature

Tg:

Glass transition temperature

ν :

Activation volume

ΔV:

Volume strain

ΔV(O):

Volume strain at zero time under load

W :

Specimen width

Z :

Specimen compliance factor C/dC/d \(\left( {\frac{a}{w}} \right)\)

γ:

Stress concentration factor

δ :

Crack opening displacement (COD)

δ c :

Critical COD

ε c :

Strain at break

ε 1 :

Major principal tensile strain

\(\dot \in\) :

Strain rate

ø :

Volume fraction of inclusions or voids

μ m :

Pressure coefficient in modified von Mises yield criteria

ν :

Poisson's ratio

σ :

Stress

σ1, σ2, σ3:

Principal stresses

σ c :

Critical stress at fracture

σ y :

Yield stress

σ yo :

Yield stress of matrix

σ yc :

Yield stress of composite

Ï„ o :

Constant in modified von Mises criterion

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials, Cranfield Institute of Technology, MK 43 OAL, Bedford, England

    Clive B. Bucknall

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Bucknall, C.B. (1978). Fracture and failure of multiphase polymers and polymer composites. In: Failure in Polymers. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 27. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08829-6_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08829-6_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-08829-5

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