Skip to main content

Technical aspects of the rheological properties of microbial cultures

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Volume 8

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering ((ABE,volume 8))

Abstract

The rheological properties of culture fluids have a profound effect on the course of a fermentation, the response and reliability of sensors, and on the difficulty of recovery processes. In addition, the rheological properties can be sensitive indicators of the state of a fermentation and can be useful for purposes of control and monitoring. In this paper the fundamentals and important nomenclature of rheology are introduced, the merits of various experimental methods for measuring rheological properties are discussed, critical evaluations are presented of past studies of the rheological properties of culture fluids and the effects of these properties, and suggestions are made for further investigation and development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Van Wazer, J. R., Lyons, J. W., Lim, K. Y., Colwell, R. E.: Viscosity and Flow Measurement, p. 23. New York: Interscience 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bird, R. B., Stewart, W. E., Lightfoot, E. N.: Transport Phenomena, Chap. 3. New York: Wiley 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fredrickson, A. G.: Principles and Applications of Rheology. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wilkinson, W. L.: Non-Newtonian Fluids, pp. 130–134. New York: Pergamon 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Skelland, A. H. P.: Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer, p. 40. New York: Wiley (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ibid. p. 39–47.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Middleman, S.: The Flow of High Polymers, Chap. 2. New York: Interscience 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Krieger, I. M., Maron, S. H.: J. Appl. Phys. 23, 147 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ibid. 24, 134 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ibid. 25, 72 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Metzner, A. B., Taylor, J. S.: AIChE J. 6, 109 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wilkinson, W. L.: Non-Newtonian Fluids, p. 5. New York: Pergamon 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bird, R. B., Stewart, W. E., Lightfoot, E. N.: Transport Phenomena, New York: Wiley 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wilkinson, W. L.: Non-Newtonian Fluids. New York: Pergamon 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fredrickson, A. G.: Principles and Applications of Rheology. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Skelland, A. H. P.: Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat transfer. New York: Wiley 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wilkinson, W. L.: Non-Newtonian Fluids, pp. 3, 53–55. New York: Pergamon 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Roels, J. A., Van Den Berg, J., Voncken, R. M.: Biotechn. Bioeng. 16, 181 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wilkinson, W. L.: Non-Newtonian Fluids, p. 6–9. New York: Pergamon 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Charles, M., Toth, G. M.: paper presented at the 168th Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N. J., Sept. 8–13, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ulbrecht, J.: The Chem. Eng., June 1974, 347.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Metzner, A. B., Otto, R. E.: AIChE J. 3, 3 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Foresti, R., Liu, T.: IEC 51, 860 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Calderbank, P. H., Moo-Young, M. B.: Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 37, 22 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ibid. 39, 22 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Skelland, A. N. P.: Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer, Chap. 5. New York: Wiley 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Van Wazer, J., Lyons, J. W., Lim, K. Y., Colwell, R. E.: Viscosity and Flow Measurement, New York: Interscience 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Oka, S.: In: Rheology, Theory and Applications, 3. Eirich, F. R. (Ed.), New York: Academic Press 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Van Wazer, J. R., Lyons, J. W., Lim, K. Y., Cowell, R. E.: Viscosity and Flow Measurement, pp. 199–214. New York: Interscience 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Skelland, A. P. H.: Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer, p. 32–36. New York: Wiley 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Middleman, S.: The Flow of High Polymers, p. 15–18. New York: Interscience 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rabinowitsch, B.: Z. Physik. Chem. A 145, 1 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mooney, M.: J. Rheol. 2, 210 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Van Wazer, J. R., Lyons, J. W., Lim, K. V., Cowell, R. E.: Viscosity and Flow Measurement, Chap. 4. New York: Interscience 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Skelland, A. H. P.: Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer, Chap. 3. New York: Wiley 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Goldsmith, H. L., Mason, S. G.: In: Rheology, Theory and Application, Vol. 4, p. 215–220, Eirich, F. R. (Ed.) New York: Academic Press 1967

    Google Scholar 

  38. Loucaides, R., McManamey, W.J.: Chem. Eng. Sci. 28, 2165 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Van Wazer, J. R., Lyons, J. W., Lim, K. Y., Cowell, R. E.: Viscosity and Flow Measurement, p. 139–150. New York: Interscience 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Skelland, A. H. P.: Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer, p. 47. New York: Wiley 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Middleman, S.: The Flow of High Polymers, p. 25–28. New York: Wiley 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Bongenaar, J. J. T. M., Kossen, N. W. F., Metz, B., Meijboom, F. W.: Biotech. Bioeng. 15, 201 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Van Wazer, J. R., Lyons, J. W., Lim, K. Y., Cowell, R. E.: Viscosity and Flow Measurement, p. 150–156. New York: Interscience 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Humphrey, A. E.: Paper presented at the Labex Symposium on Computer Control of Fermentation Processes, Labex International, Earls Court, London, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Nyiri, L. K.: ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fewkes, C. J., Wang, D. I. C: Paper presented at First Chemical Congress of the North American Continent, Mexico City, Mexico, Nov. 30–Dec. 5, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Morris, G. G., Greenshields, R. N., Smith, E. L.: Biotechn. Bioeng. Symp. 4, 535 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Solomons, G. L., Weston, G. O.: Biotech. Bioeng. 1, 1 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Deindoerfer, F. H., Gaden, E. L.: Appl. Micro. 3, 253 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Deindoerfer, F. H., West, J. M.: Biotech. Bioeng. 2, 165 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Richards, J. W.: Prog. Ind. Micro. 3, 141 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Tuffile, C. M., Pinho, F.: Biotech. Bioeng. 12, 849 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Taguchi, H., Miyamoto, S.: Biotech. Bioeng. 8, 43 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Jeanes, A., Pittsley, J. E.: J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 17, 1621 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kelco Co.: Xanthan Gum (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Patton, T. C: J. Paint Tech. 38, 656 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Patton, T. C: Cereal Sci. Today, 14, 178 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  62. LeDuy, A., Marsan, A. A., Coupal, B.: Biotech. Bioeng. 16, 61 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Charles, M., Radjai, M. K.: Paper presented at the First International Congress on Engineering and Food, Aug. 9–14, 1976, Boston, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Charles, M., Radjai, M. K.: Paper presented at the 172nd ACS National Meeting, Symposium on Extracellular Microbial Polysaccharides of Industrial Importance, San Francisco, CA, Aug. 31, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Rogovin, S. P., Anderson, R. F., Cadmus, M. C: Biotechn. Bioeng. 1, 51 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Moraine, R. A., Rogovin, S. P.: Biotechn. Bioeng. 13, 381 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Knittig, E., Zajic, J. E.: Biotech. Bioeng. 14, 379 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kosaric, N., Yu, J. E., Zajic, J. E.: Biotech, Bioeng. 15, 729 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Rogovin, S. P., Sohno, V.E., Griffin, E. L.: IEC 53, 37 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Burton, K. A., Cadmus, M. C, Lagoda, A. A., Sanford, P. A., Watson, P. R.: Biotech. Bioeng. 18, 1669 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Deindoerfer, F. H., West, J. M.: Adv. Appl. Micro. 2, 265 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Eirich, F.: Kolloid Z. 74, 276 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Shimmons, B. W., Svrcek, W. Y., Zajic, J. E.: Biotech. Bioeng. 18, 1793 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Modeer, B.: Proc. Biochem., Sept. 1974, 23.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Goldsmith, H. L., Mason, S. G.: In: Rheology, Theory and Applications, Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Levenspiel, O.: Chemical Reaction Engineering, Chaps. 9, 10. New York: Wiley 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, Chap. 6. New York: McGraw-Hill 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Bailey, J. E., Ollis, D. F., Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, Chap. 9. New York: McGraw-Hill (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Nagata, S.: Mixing: Principles and Applications, p. 194. New York: Wiley 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Novak, V., Riegler, F.: Che. Eng. J. 9, 63 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Moo-Young, M., Tichar, K., Dullien, F. A.: AIChE J. 18, 178 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Nagata, S., Nishikawa, M., Katsube, T., Takaish, K.: Int. Inl. Che. Eng. 12, 715 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Hoogendorn, C. J., Den Hartog, A. P.: CES 22, 1689 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Norwood, K. W., Metzner, A. B.: AIChE J. 6, 432 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Fox, E. A., Gex, V. E.: AIChE J. 2, 539 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Godleski, E. S., Smith, J. C: AIChE J. 8, 617 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Khang, S. J., Levenspiel, O.: Chem. Eng., Oct. 11, 1976, 141.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Nagata, S.: Mixing: Principles and Applications, p. 204. New York: Wiley 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Ibid. p. 206.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Hicks, R. W., Morton, J. R., Fenic, J. G.: Chem. Eng., Apr. 26, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Nagata, S.: Mixing: Principles and Applications, p. 200. New York: Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  92. Wang, D. I. C, Humphrey, A. H.: In: Progress in Industrial Microbiology, Vol. 8. Hockenhull, J. J. D. (Ed.) Cleveland: CRC Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Hyman, D.: In: Advances in Chemical Engineering, Vol. 3, p. 120. Drew, T. B., Hoopes, J. W., Vermeulen, T. (Ed.) New York: Academic Press (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Phillips, D. H., Johnson, M. J.: Biotech. Bioeng. 3, 277 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Maxon, W. D.: Biotech. Bioeng. 1, 311 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Steel, R., Maxon, W. D.: Biotech. Bioeng. 8, 97 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Steel, R., Maxon, W. D.: Biotech. Bioeng. 8, 109 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Blakebrough, N., Sambamurthy, K.: Biotech. Bioeng. 8, 25 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Wang, D. I. C, Fewkes, R. C. J.: Paper presented at the Thirty Second Meeting of the Society of Industrial Microbiology, Jekyll Island, Georgia, Aug. 16–20, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Leamy, G. H.: Chem. Eng., Oct. 15, 115 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Chavan, V., V., Arumugam, M. Ulbrecht, J.: AIChE J. 21, 613 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Nagata, S.: Mixing: Principles and Applications, Chap. 1. New York: Wiley 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Blanch, H. W., Bhavaraju, S. M.: Biotech. Bioeng. 18, 745 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Wilkinson, W. L.: Non-Newtonian Fluids, Chap. 5. New York: Pergamon 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Metzner, A. B.: In: Advances in Chemical Engineering, 1. Drew, T. B., Hoopes, J. W., Vermeulen, T. (Ed.) New York: Academic Press 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Metzner, A. B., Feehs, R. H., Ramos, H. L., Otto, R. E., Tuthill, J. D.: AIChE J. 7, 3 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  109. Taguchi, H.: In: Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Vol. 1. Ghose, T. K., Fiechter, A. (Ed.) Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Sherwood, T. K., Pigford, R. L., Wilke, C. R.: Mass Transfer. New York: McGraw-Hill 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Treyball, R. E.: Mass Transfer Operations. New York: McGraw-Hill 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Geankoplis, C. J.: Mass Transport Phenomena. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Astarita, G.: Mass Transfer With Chemical Reactor. New York: Elsevier 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Johnson, D. L., Saito, H., Polejes, J. D., Hougen, O. A.: AIChE J. 3, 411 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  115. Calderbank, P. H., Jones, S. J. R.: Trans. Inst. Che. Eng. 39, 363 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  116. Miller, D. N.: IEC 56 (10), 18(1964).

    Google Scholar 

  117. Miller, D. N.: IEC Proc. Des. Dev. 10, 365 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Miura, Y.: In: Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Vol. 4, Ghose, T. K., Fiechter, A., Blakebrough, N. (Eds.) Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1976

    Google Scholar 

  119. Atkinson, B., Daoud, I. S.: ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Atkinson, B., Fowler, H. W.: ibid., Vol. 4 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  121. Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, Chaps. 8–12. New York: McGraw-Hill 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Carberry, J. J.: Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Chaps. 8–10, New York: McGraw-Hill 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Chain, E. B., Gaulandi, G., Morisi, G.: Biotech. Bioeng. 8, 595 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Perez, J. F., Sandall, O. C: AIChE J. 20, 770 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  126. Yagi, H., Fumitake, Y.: IEC Proc. Des. Dev. 14, 488 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  127. White, J. L., Tokita, N.: J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 11, 321 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  128. M. Charles: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Edwards, M. F., Wilkenson, W. L.: The Chem. Engr., Sept. 1972, 328.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Mitsuishi, N., Miyairi, Y.: Inl. Che. Eng. Jap. 6, 415 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  131. Nagata, S.: Mixing: Principles and Applications, Chap. 2, New York: Wiley 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  132. LeDuy, A., Zajic, J. E.: Biotech. Bioeng. 15, 579 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  133. Charles, M.: unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Cadmus, M. C, Burton, K. A., Herman, A. I., Rogovin, S. P.: Bact. Proc. 1971, 447.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Powell, A. J., Bu'Lock, J. D. (Eds.): Octagon Papers 2. Manchester, England: University of Manchester 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Moraine, R. A., Rogovin, S. P.: Biotech. Bioeng. 15, 225 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  137. Satch, K.: J. Ferm. Techn. 39, 517 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  138. Charles, M.: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Hubbard, D. W., Calvetti, F.: AIChE J. 18, 663 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  140. Johnson, D. N., Hubbard, D. W.: Biotech. Bioeng. 16, 1283 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Charles, M. (1978). Technical aspects of the rheological properties of microbial cultures. In: Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Volume 8. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08557-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08557-2_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-08557-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35958-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics