This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- a:
-
gas/liquid interfacial area per unit liquid volume, m2/m3
- am :
-
liquid/cell interfacial area per unit liquid volume, m2/m3
- ap :
-
liquid/pellet interfacial area per unit liquid volume, m2/m3
- B:
-
width of baffle, m
- C:
-
concentration of dissolved oxygen or penetrating component, kg-moles/m3
- (C L) cr :
-
critical oxygen concentration in liquid, kg-moles/m3
- (C Li) cr :
-
critical oxygen concentration at liquid/cell or liquid/pellet interface, kg-moles/m3
- CL :
-
concentration of dissolved oxygen in bulk of liquid, kg-moles/m3
- (C L) i :
-
initial concentration of dissolved oxygen in bulk of liquid, kg-moles/m3
- CLi :
-
concentration of dissolved oxygen at liquid/cell or liquid/pellet interface, kg-moles/m3
- C*L :
-
oxygen concentration in equilibrium with air, kg-moles/m3
- C 0 :
-
concentration of dissolved oxygen at center of cell or pellet kg-moles/m3
- Cm :
-
dry cell weight per unit liquid volume, kg/m3
- D:
-
agitator diameter, m
- De :
-
effective diffusion coefficient of dissolved oxygen in mycelial pellet, m2/hr
- DL :
-
molecular diffusion coefficient of dissolved oxygen or transfer material in liquid m2/hr
- Dp :
-
molecular diffusion coefficient of dissolved oxygen in mycelial pellet, m2/hr
- dBM :
-
average diameter of bubble, m
- dp :
-
diameter of particle, m
- g:
-
acceleration due to gravity, m/hr2
- gc :
-
gravitational conversion factor, kg · m/Kg · hr2, where Kg indicates gravitational unit, while kg indicates mass unit
- H:
-
depth of medium in tank, m
- HG :
-
holdup of gas in tank
- HL :
-
holdup of liquid in tank
- h:
-
clearance from tank bottom to agitator, m
- kc :
-
specific respiration coefficient defined by Eq. (15)
- KL :
-
overall mass-transfer coefficient based on liquid film around gas bubbles, m/hr
- kL :
-
mass-transfer coefficient for liquid film around gas bubbles, m/hr
- Km :
-
apparent Michaelis constant for mycelia, kg-moles/m3
- K ′m :
-
apparent Michaelis constant for pellet, kg-moles/m3
- km :
-
mass-transfer coefficient for liquid film around cells or pellets defined by Eq. (2), m/hr
- kp :
-
oxygen-transfer coefficient for pellet defined by Eq. (27), m/hr
- kr :
-
specific oxygen-uptake rate per unit dry mycelial weight, kg-moles of oxygen/[(hr)(kg of dry cell)]
- (k r)max :
-
maximum specific oxygen-uptake rate per unit dry mycelial weight, kg-moles of oxygen/[(hr)(kg of dry cell)]
- l:
-
length of agitator blade, m
- N:
-
agitation speed, R.P.H. or R.P.M.
- NFr :
-
Froud number defined by DN 2/g
- Np :
-
Power number defined by P 0 g c/ρLN3 D 5
- NPe :
-
Peclet number defined by d PU/DL
- NRe :
-
Reynolds number defined by D 2NρL/μL
- (N Re) p :
-
Reynolds number for pellet defined by d PDNρL/μL
- Pg :
-
power consumption accompanied by aeration, Kg · m/hr
- P 0 :
-
power consumption without aeration, Kg · m/hr
- P max :
-
maximum power consumption without aeration, Kg · m/hr, where Kg indicates gravitational unit
- q:
-
volumetric flow rate of gas, m3/hr
- R:
-
radius of mycelial pellet, m
- r:
-
radial distance from center of cell or mycelial pellet, m
- rL :
-
radial distance from cell center to liquid bulk, m
- r 0 :
-
radius of cell, m
- T:
-
diameter of tank, m
- t 1/2 :
-
half-life time of oxygen concentration in liquid, min
- U:
-
relative velocity of particle and fluid, m/hr
- Ut :
-
terminal velocity of particle in free fall, m/hr
- V:
-
liquid volume in tank, m3
- Vr :
-
rapid oxygen-uptake rate per unit mycelial pellet, given by Eq. (21), kg-moles of oxygen/[(hr)(one pellet)]
- V ′r :
-
oxygen-uptake rate per unit mycelial pellet, kg-moles of oxygen/[(hr)(one pellet)]
- Vs :
-
superficial gas velocity based on cross section of tank, m/hr
- Vt :
-
terminal gas velocity in free rise, m/hr
- W:
-
agitator blade width, m
- x:
-
distance for penetration direction from interface, m
- ∈:
-
void fraction
- η:
-
effectiveness factor for oxygen consumption rate per unit mycelial pellet
- θ:
-
time, hr
- μL :
-
liquid viscosity, kg/m · hr
- ρ:
-
mycelial density in pellet, kg/m3
- ρL :
-
liquid density, kg/m3
- Δρ:
-
difference in density between dispersed and continuous phases, kg/m3
References
Aiba, S.: Shin-kagakukogakukoza, Vol. 24, “Fermentation Technology”, The Industrial Daily News, Japan (1960).
Aiba, S., Kobayashi, K.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 13, 583 (1971).
Bartholomew, W. H.: Advances in Applied Microbiology 2, 289 (1960).
Bartholomew, W. H., Karow, E. O., Sfat, M. R., Wilhelm, R. H.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 42, 1801 (1950).
Blakebrough, N., Sambamurthy, K.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 8, 25 (1966).
Brian, P. L. T., Hales, H. B.: AIChE Journal 15, 419 (1969).
Bylinkina, E. S., Birukov, V. V.: Proceedings of the 4th International Fermentation Symposium, Page 105, Kyoto (1972).
Calderbank, P. H.: Trans, Inst. Chem. Engrs. 36, 443 (1958).
Calderbank, P. H.: Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs. 37, 173 (1959b).
Calderbank, P. H., Moo-Young, M. B.: Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs. 37, 26 (1959a).
Calderbank, P. H., Moo-Young, M. B.: Chem. Eng. Sci. 16, 39 (1961).
Cooper, C. M., Fernstrom, G. A., Miller, S. A.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 36, 504 (1944).
Friedman, A. M., Lightfoot, E. N., Jr.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 49, 1227 (1957).
Fukuda, H., Sumino, Y., Kanzaki, T.: J. Ferment. Technol. 46, 829 (1968).
Gaden, E. L. Jr.: Sci. Repts. Instituto Superiore di Sanita 1, 161 (1961).
Harriott, P.: AIChE Journal 8, 93 (1962).
Hixson, A. W., Gaden, E. L. Jr.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 42, 1792 (1950).
Huang, M. Y., Bungay, H. R. 3rd: Biotechnot. Bioeng 15, 1193 (1973).
Humphrey, A. E.: J. Ferment. Technol. 42, 265 (1964a).
Humphrey, A. E.: J. Ferment. Technol. 42, 334 (1964b).
Kalinske, A. A.: Sewage and Ind. Waste, 27, 572 (1955).
Kobayashi, J., Ueyama, H.: J. Ferment. Technol. 40, 63 (1962).
Kobayashi, T., Dedem, G. V., Moo-Young, M. B.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 15, 27 (1973).
Levich, V. G.: Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1962.
Maxon, W. D.: J. Biochem. Microbiol. Techn. Eng. 1, 311 (1959).
Michel, B. J., Miller, S. A.: AIChE Journal 8, 262 (1962).
Midler, M., Jr., Finn, R. K.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 8, 71 (1966).
Miller, D. N.: AIChE Journal 20, 445 (1974).
Miura, Y.: Dissertation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 1961.
Miura, Y., Hirota, S.: J. Ferment. Technol. 44, 890 (1966).
Miura, Y., Kanamori, T., Miyamoto, K.: 1st Pacific Chemical Engineering Congress, Kyoto, Japan (1972).
Miura, Y., Miyamoto, K., Kanamori, T., Teramoto, M., Ohira, N.: in press (1975)
Miura, Y., Miyamoto, K., Matsuda, R.: Preprint of 88th Annual meeting of The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Tokyo, 443 (1968).
Nagata, S., Yamaguchi, I., Nishikawa, M., Wada, K.: Chem. Eng. (Japan), 31, 1016 (1967).
Nagata, S., Yamamoto, K., Yokoyama, T., Shiga, S.: Chem. Eng. (Japan) 21, 708 (1957).
Nagata, S., Yokoyama, T., Maeda, H.: Chem. Eng. (Japan) 20, 582 (1956).
Oyama, Y., Endoh, K.: Chem. Eng. (Japan), 19, 2 (1955).
Perez, J. F., Sandall, O. C: AIChE Journal 20, 770 (1974).
Phillips, D. H.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 8, 456 (1966).
Richards, J. W.: Progr. Ind. Microbiol. 3, 141 (1961)
Robinson, C. W., Wilke, C. R.: Proceedings of the 4th International Fermentation Symposium, 73 (1972).
Roxburgh, J. M., Spencer, J. F. T., Sallans, H. R.: Agr. Food Chem. 2, 1121 (1954).
Rushton, J. H., Costich, E. W., Everett, J. H.: Chem. Eng. Progr. 46, 395 (1950).
Satterfield, C. N.: Mass Transfer in Heterogeneous Catalysis, M. I. T. Press (1970).
Steel, R., Maxon, W. D.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 4, 231 (1962).
Steel, R., Maxon, W. D.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 8, 97 (1966a).
Steel, R., Maxon, W. D.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 8, 109 (1966b).
Strohm, J. A., Dale, R. E., Peppier, H. J.: Appl. Microbiol. 7, 235 (1959).
Taguchi, H., Miyamoto, S.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 8, 43 (1966).
Taguchi, H., Suga, K., Yoshida, T.: Proceedings of the 4th International Fermentation Symposium, 83 (1972).
Taguchi, H., Yoshida, T.: J. Ferment. Technol. 46, 814 (1968).
Terui, G., Konno, N., Sase, M.: Techn. Report of Osaka Univ. 10, 527 (1960a).
Terui, G., Konno, N., Sase, M.: J. Ferment. Technol. 38, 278 (1960b).
Tsao, G. T.: Biotechnol. Bioeng 10, 765 (1968).
Tsao, G. T.: ibid. 11, 1071 (1969).
Tsao, G. T.: ibid. 12, 51 (1970).
Tsao, G. T., Mukerjee, A., Lee, Y. Y.: Proceedings of the 4th International Fermentaion Symposium, 65 (1972).
Vermeulen, T., Williams, G. M., Langlois, G. E.: Chem. Eng. Progr., 51, 85F (1955).
Wegrich, O. G., Shurter, R. A.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 45, 1153 (1953).
Westerterp, K. R., Dierendonck, L. L. van, Dekraa, J. A.: Chem. Eng. Sci. 18, 157 (1963).
Wise, D. L., Wang, D. I. C, Mateles, R. I.: Biotechnol. Bioeng. 11, 647 (1969).
Yano, T., Kodama, K., Yamada, K.: Agr. Biol. Chem. 25, 580 (1961).
Yano, T., Yamada, K.: Institute Appl. Microbiol. Symp. on Microbiol., No. 5, 16 (1963).
Yoshida, F., Ikeda, A., Imakawa, S., Miura, Y.: Ind. Eng. Chem., 52, 435 (1960).
Yoshida, F., Miura, Y.: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design and Development 2, 263 (1963).
Yoshida, T., Shimizu, T., Taguchi, H., Teramoto, S.: J. Ferment. Technol. 45, 1119 (1967).
Yoshida, T., Taguchi, H., Teramoto, S.: J. Ferment. Technol. 46, 119 (1968).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Miura, Y. (1976). Transfer of oxygen and scale-up in submerged aerobic fermentation. In: Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Volume 4. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07747-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07747-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-07747-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38240-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive