Abstract
In this paper, the problem of short-term economic dispatch of active power in a combined hydro-thermal electric power system is considered. The problem studied is a 24 hours optimization, with operational cost as associated criterion. It is assumed that consumer's demand, defined as a number of time functions, as well as technical constraints concerning power production units, and transmission line capabilities are satisfied within the period of optimization. The deterministic time discrete mathematical model of the above stated problem consists of a set of nonlinear algebraic equations and a set of nonequalities. The power system is decomposed into a number of interconnected power areas. Consequently, a number of local less dimensional area optimization subproblems are defined. Each of them is a typical nonlinear programming problem. Coordination among subproblem solutions is performed by a higher level decision making effort. It is done by specially derrived coordination algorithm.
It is shown that the proposed multi-area approach is computationally effective and fast. This property has a particular importance since in practice the system under control is influenced by frequent structural disturbances (failures of production units and/or transmission lines) causing power generation rescheduling. Using the presented algorithm a short term dynamic optimization problem of 220 kV network of Serbia has been solved. The results of this solution are also discussed in the paper.
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Keywords
- Electric Power System
- Hydro Power Station
- Hydro Power Generation
- Generation Schedule
- Dynamic Optimization Problem
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Abbreviations
- t:
-
current index denoting time (hour of a day), t=1,...,24,
- N:
-
number of interconnected areas composing power system,
- i:
-
current index denoting area number, i=1,...,N,
- D ti :
-
i-th area power demand at time t,
- hi :
-
number of hydro power plants in i-th area,
- si :
-
number of thermal power plants in i-th area,
- ri :
-
number of transmission lines connecting i-th area with other ones,
- j:
-
current index denoting plant number within area; for hydro power plants j=1,...,hi, for thermal power plants j=1,...,si,
- r:
-
current index denoting number of a transmission line connecting area with other ones, r=1,...,ri,
- H tij :
-
active power output of (i,j) hydro power plant at time t,
- H ti :
-
hi-dimensional vector of active power outputs of hydro power plants in the i-th area at time t,
- q tij :
-
flow of water through turbines of (i,j) hydro power plant at time t, qijmax being maximum allowed flow of water,
- Qij :
-
a volume of water available for hydro power production of (i,j) hydro power plant,
- s tij :
-
active power output of (i,j) thermal power plant at time t; Sijmin and Sijmax being technical minimal and maximal output powers, respectively,
- s ti :
-
si-dimensional vector of active power outputs of thermal power plants in the i-th area at time t,
- T tir :
-
active power of (i,r) transmission line at time t, Tirmax being maximal allowed active power,
- T ti :
-
ri-dimensional vector of powers in transmission lines connecting i-th area with all others at time t,
- P ti :
-
(si+hi+ri)-dimensional vector of power production and interchange in the i-th area at time t, P ti =(s ti ,H ti ,T ti ),
- E ti :
-
active power exchange of i-th area at time t,
- L ti :
-
transmission losses in the i-th area at time t,
- Lt :
-
transmission losses in the whole system at time t,
- Bi :
-
(hi+si+ri)×(hi+si+ri) — dimensional matrix of B-coefficients of area i,
- Fij (S tij ):
-
operational cost of (i,j) thermal power plant at time t, if active oputput power is s tij ,
- Fi (S ti ):
-
si-dimensional column vector function of area production costs,
- λ ti , μ tij , ν tir :
-
Lagrange multipliers,
- μ ti :
-
si-dimensional row vector multiplier,
- ν ti :
-
ri-dimensional row vector multiplier,
- k:
-
current index denoting the number of iteration,
- C tij :
-
worth of water of (i,j) hydro power plant at time t.
References
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Bernholtz B., Graham Z.J.: "Hydrothermal Economic Scheduling", Part I, II, III, IV, Transactions of AIEE, Part III, Vol. 79, 80, (1960).
Kirchmayer L.K., Reengly R.J.: "Optimal Control of Thermal-Hydro Systems Operation", Proceedings of the II IFAC Congress, Basel, (1963).
Kron G.: "Diakoptics — The Piecewise Solution of Large-Scale Systems", MacDonald, London, (June 1957–February 1959).
Happ H.H.: "Diakoptics — Introduction and Basic Concepts", University of Wisconsin, Conf. Publication on Modern Techniques for the Analysis of Large-Scale Engineering Systems, (Nov. 1965).
Happ H.H.: "The Inter-Area Matrix: A Tie Flow Model for Power Pools", IEEE Winter Power Meeting, January, 1970., paper No. 40.
Gavilović M., Petrović R., Rakić M.: "Long-Term Scheduling and Short — Term Economic Operation of Combined Hydro-Thermal Control Plants", Proceedings of the International Seminar on Automatic Control in Production and Distribution of Electric Power, Bruxelles, (1966), pp. 464–469.
Petrović R., Rakić M.: "Short-Term Economic Operation of Combined Hydro-Thermal Control Plants", Automatika, No. 1, (1967), pp. 21–26.
Rakić R.: "Decomposition Applied to Determination of Optimal Active Power Production Dispatch with Application in 220 kV Network of SR Serbia", M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, (1973), (in Serbian).
Rakić, R.: "Decomposition Applied to Determination of Optimal Active Power Production Dispatch in 220 kV Network of the Socialist Republic of Serbia", XI Electrical Engineer's Conference, CIGRÉ, Ohrid, (1972), paper No. 41.06, pp. 65–79 (in Serbian).
J.F. Aldrich, H.H. Happ, J.F. Leuer: "Multi-Area Dispatch", PICA, (1971), pp. 39–47.
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Rakić, R., Petrović, R., Rakić, M. (1976). A multi-area approach to the economic optimization of electric power system. In: Cea, J. (eds) Optimization Techniques Modeling and Optimization in the Service of Man Part 1. Optimization Techniques 1975. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 40. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07622-0_492
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