Abstract
Automaton theory and cybernetics arose from the efforts to technically transpose the results of mathematical logic and abstract information theory. The comparison of machines and lives from the perspective of their capacity to be controlled is expressed in the subtitle of the book that is the basis for cybernetics, Norbert Wiener’s Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, 1948.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Cambridge/Mass: MIT Press, 1965).
T. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
A. Rosenblueth, N. Wiener, J. Bigelow, „Behavior, Purpose and Teleology,“ Philosophy of Science, 10(1943): 18–24.
L. A. Jeffress, ed., Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior (the Hixon Symposium) (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1951).
H. von Foerster, ed., Cybernetics. Circular Causal and Feedback Mechanisms in Biological and Social Systems (transactions of the sixth conference) (New York: The Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, 1950).
H. von Foerster, M. Mead, H. Teuber, eds., Cybernetics. Circular Causal and Feedback Mechanisms in Biological and Social Systems (transactions of the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth Conferences) (New York: The Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955).
R.W. Miner, ed., „Teleological Mechanisms,“ An. New York Academy of Science, 50:4 (1948): 198–278.
H.v. Foerster, J.D. White, L.J. Peterson, J.K. Russel, Purposive Systems (New York: Spartan Books, 1968).
C.E. Shannon, W. Weaver, Mathematical Theory of Communication (University of Illinois Press, 1963).
C.E. Shannon, J. McCarthy, Automata Studies (Princeton University Press, 2001).
L. Wittgenstein, Tractatus logico-philosophicus (Routledge, 2001).
References
S. Beer, Platform for Change, 327 (New York: Wiley, 1975).
C. Castaneda, The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge (New York: Ballantine, 1969); A Separate Reality (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971); Journey to Ixtlan (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972); Tales of Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974).
T Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
H. vonFoerster, „Responsibility of Competence,“ Journal of Cybernetics, 2:2(1972): 1–6
References
Heinz von Foerster, Observing Systems (Intersystems Publ., 1981).
Heinz von Foerster, Understanding Understanding: Essays on Cybernetics and Cognition (Springer, 2002).
Ernst von Glasersfeld, Radical Constructivism: A Way of Learning (Routledge Falmer, 1996).
Ernst von Glasersfeld, John Richards, „The Control of Perception and the Construction of Reality,“ Dialectica, vol. 33:1 (1979) 37–58.
Paul Watzlawick, J.H. Weakland, R. Fisch, eds., Change: Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Resolution (W.W. Norton and Company, 1988).
P. Watzlawick, How Real Is Real?: Confusion, Disinformation, Communication (New York: Random House, 1977).
Humberto R. Maturana, Francisco J. Varela, Autopoiesis and Cognition (Boston: Reichel, 1979).
H.R. Maturana, F.J. Varela, The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding (Boston: Shambala Press, 1987).
F.J. Varela, Principles of Biological Autonomy (New York: North Holland, 1979).
F.J. Varela, The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (Cambridge/MA: MIT Press, 1992).
Siegfried J. Schmidt, Der Diskurs des Radikalen Konstruktivismus (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1987).
References
F. Lux, Gehirn und Seele (Brain and soul), 1920.
W. Grey Walter, „An Imitation of Life“ (Scientific American, May 1950) 43.
W. Grey Walter, „A Machine that Learns“ (Scientific American, 185: 1951) 60.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Előadások a nagyagyféltekék müködéséröl (Budapest: Akadémiá Kiadó, 1953); Asratjan, Pavlov tanitása a magasabbrendű idegtevékenységröl (Budapest: M.Sz. Társ, 1951). 311
A. J. Ángyán, „Machina Reproducathx, “ Mechanization of Thought Processes. Symposium No. 10 of the National Physical Laboratory Teddington, A.M. Uttley, ed. (London: 1959) pp. 933–943; H. Zemanek, H. Kretz, A. J. Ángyán, „A Model for Neurophysiological Functions,“ International Conference on Information Processing (Paris: UNESCO, 1959; Oldenbourg/ Munich: 1960). But even this model did not completely correspond to the results of the experiments. H. Zemanek and H. Kretz developed an extensive system, which can be regarded as a complete representation of the conditioned reflex. See H. Zemanek, „Lernende Automaten“ (MTW-Z., Regelungstechnik und Automation 8: 1961) pp. 49–54; also H. Kretz, „Modelldarstellung biologischer Verhaltensweisen,“ Kybernetik. Brücke zwischen den Wissenschaften, H. Frank, ed. (Frankfurt a. M.: Umschau-Verlag, 1964) pp. 113–122; H. Zemanek, „Modelle für den bedingten Reflex, “ Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung, K. Steinbuch, ed. (Berlin/Göttingen/ Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1962)p. 1433. 312
E. Eichler, „Ein umweltabhängiger Automat,“ Radiotechnik (5/6: 1955) 173.
For a similar theory, see T. Nemes, „Logical Machine for Genetically Recognizing Class and Causal Relations,“ Acta techn. Acad. Sci. Hung. (VII 1–2: 1953).
D. Muszka, „Kibernetikai álltmodellek,“ Természettudományi Közlöny, July 1950. The apparatus was demonstrated by its designer at the Budapest Industrial Fair in 1961 (see the photograph of the Ladybird in this book).
Jensen, Koff, Szabó, „Light Sensitive Electronic Beast,“ Rad. Electronics (December 1951) 46.
C. E. Shannon, „Problem-solving Electric Mouse Aids in Improved Telephone Research,“ Elec. Eng. (July 1952) 671.
W. R. Ashby, „Design for a Brain,“ Elec. Eng. (20, Dec. 1948) 379–387.
Fisher-Yates, Statistical Tables, 1943.
References
Attila Kovacs, Szintetikus programok (Budapest: Új Múveszet, 1992/3).
References
H. Zemanek, Weltmacht Computer-Weltreich der Information (Munich: Bechtle Verlag, 1991); H. Zemanek, Das geistige Umfeld der Informationstechnik, Edition S.E.L. Stiftung (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992); P. Goldscheider, H. Zemanek, Computer-Werkzeug der Information, companion book for ten television shows broadcast on ORF/ZDF (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1971); iubiläumsheft 25 Jahre Elektronische Rechenanlagen, H.-R. Schuchmann, H. Zemanek, eds., no. 6 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1983).
H. Zemanek, „Mailüfterl-Eine Retrospektive,“ Jubiläums-heft 25 Jahre Elektronische Rechenanlagen, H.-R. Schuchmann, H. Zemanek, eds., no. 6 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1983) pp. 91–99.
H. Zemanek, Elementare Informationstheorie (Vienna: R. Oldenbourg, 1959).
H. Zemanek, „Schaltalgebra,“ Nachrichtentechnische Fachberichte, vol. 3, 1956.
R Ehrenfest, „Review L. Couturat, L’algèbre de la logique,“ Zhurnal russkogo fisiko-khimicheskogo obshchestva (42: 1910) 382–387; H. Zemanek, „Ein österreichischer Physiker definiert 1910 die Schaltalgebra,“ Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (110: 1993) 2–15.
J. Weipoltshammer, „Die logistische Relais-Rechenmaschine LRR1,“ diploma work, Technical University, Vienna, 1954; H. Zemanek, „Logistische Rechenmaschinen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der LRR1 des Instituts für Niederfrequenztechnik der TH Wien,“ Nachrichtentechnische Fachberichte (4: 1956) 56–59.
Chr. Schwiedernoch, „Entwicklung eines Vocoders,“ Dissertation, TH Wien 1955; E. Rothauser, „Ein Impulsverfahren zur Sprachübertragung nach dem Vocoder-Prinzip,“ Dissertation, TH Wien 1960; J. Holzer, G. Miβriegler, E. Niedermayer, H. Putschi, H. Zemanek, „Ein Versuchsmodell für die Impuls-Zählmodulation,“ ÖTF (8, 9/10: 1954) 125–132.
H. Zemanek, „Die Universal-Relaisrechenmaschine (URR1) des Institutes für Niederfrequenz-technik an der Technischen Hochschule Wien,“ Elektrotechnik und Maschinen-bau (72:1: 1955) 6–12.
T.B. Steel Jr., „Formal Language Description Languages,“ Proceedings IFIP, (First) Working Conference (Baden bei Wien 1964; North Holland, Amsterdam 1966).
P. Lucas, K. Walk, „On the Formal Description of PL/I,“ Annual Review of Automatic Programming (6, part 3: 1969) 105–152.
F. Schwarzenberger, H. Zemanek, „Editing Algorithms for Texts over Formal Grammars,“ Proceedings of the International Computer Typesetting Conference, University of Sussex 1967 (London: The Institute of Printing, 1967) pp. 126–131.
H. Zemanek, „Abstract Architecture. General Concepts for Systems Design,“ Abstract Software Specifications, D. Björner, ed. (Copenhagen 1979); and Lecture Notes in Computer Science, D. Björner, ed., vol. 86 (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1980) pp. 1–42; H. Zemanek, „Gedanken zum Systementwurf,“ Zeugen des Wissens. 100 Jahre Automobil-Daimler Benz, H. Maier-Leibnitz, ed. (Mainz: Hase & Koehle Verlag, 1986) pp. 99–125.
E.W. Spaulding, The Quiet Invaders-The Story of the Austrian Impact upon America (Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1968); F. Gray, „Pulse Code Modulation,“ US Patent Nr. 2 632 058 (17 March 1953); M. Rothen, „La télégraphie et quelques autres applications de l’électricité & l’exposition universelle de 1878,„ Journal télégraphique (2: 1878) 247–254.
W.G. Walter, The Living Brain (London: Duckworth, 1953); H. Zemanek, „Nachrichtentechnik und Datenverarbeitung zur Makartzeit,“ Jahrbuch des Österreichischen Gewerbevereins (Vienna 1974) pp. 71–92; H. Zemanek, „Otto Schäffler (1838–1928),“ Blätter für Technikgeschichte (41/42/43) (Vienna; Springer Verlag, 1983) 82–118; H. Zemanek, „Hollerith und Schäffler-Datenverarbeitung um 1890. Drei Nationen werden elektrisch gezählt,“ Elektrotechnik im Wandel der Zeit, H.A. Wessel, ed., Viertes VDE-Kolloquium „Geschichte der Elektrotechnik,“ Nuremberg 1986 (Berlin: VDE-Verlag, 1986) pp. 95–113; Otto Schäffler, Neuerungen am statistischen Zählmaschinen-Patent Nr. 463.182 (20 September 1895 with priority from 30 May 1895).
H. Zemanek, „La tortue de Vienne et les autres travaux cybernétiques,“ Actes du 1er Congres International de Cybernétique, R. Boulanger, ed., Namur 1956 (Paris: Gauthier Villars, 1959) pp. 770–780.
„Mechanization of Thought Processes,“ Symposium No. 10 held at the National Physical Laboratory 24 to 27 November 1958, vols. I and II (London: Her Majesty’s Printing Office, 1959); paper by A. J. Ángyan, „Machina Reproducatrix,“ pp. 933–943.
A. J. Ángyán, H. Kretz, H. Zemanek, „A Model for Neurophys. Functions,“ Fourth London Symposium on Information Theory, 1960, Colin Cherry, ed. (London: Butterworths, 1961) pp. 270–284.
C.E. Shannon, „Presentation of a Maze-Solving Machine,“ pp. 173–180, Cybernetics. Transactions of the Eighth Conference, 1951 (New York: Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, 1952) pp. 240ff.
R. Eier, H. Zemanek, „Automatische Orientierung im Labyrinth,“ Elektronische Rechenanlagen (2:1: 1960) 23–31.
W. R. Ashby, Design for a Brain (London: Chapman & Hall, 1952), sec. rev. ed. 1960.
A. Hauenschild, „Der Homöostat,“ work for the state examination at the Technical University in Vienna.
H. von Foerster, Cybernetics, Transactions, vols. VI to X (New York: Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, 1949–1953).
References
Hermann Maurer, Theoretische Grundlagen der Programmiersprachen (Mannheim: Bl, 1969).
Hermann Maurer, Datenstrukturen und Programmierverfahren (Stuttgart: Teubner, 1974).
Hermann Maurer (ed.), Hyper-Wave. The Next Generation Web Solution (London: Addi-son-Wesley-Longman, 1996.
References
R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1992).
R. M. Haralick and L G. Shapiro, Computer and Robot Vision, vol. 1 (Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1992).
R.M. Haralick and LG. Shapiro, Computer and Robot Vision, vol. 2 (Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1993).
J. D. Foley, A. van Dam, St. K. Feiner, and J. F. Hughes, Computer Graphics. Principles and Practice, 2nd ed. (Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991).
P. Uray, „From 3D Point Clouds to Surfaces and Volumes,“ Ph.D. dissertation, TU Graz, 1996.
J. Aloimonos and D. Shulman, Integration of Visual Modules. An Extension of the Marr Paradigm (New York: Academic Press, 1989).
D. Marr, Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1982).
J. Aloimonos and D. Shulman, Integration of Visual Modules. An Extension of the Marr Paradigm, (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1982).
T. Matsuyama, „Expert Systems for Image Processing: Knowledge-Based Composition of Image Analysis Processes,“ Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing 48 (1989): 22–49.
J. K. Tsotsos, „A’ Complexity Level’ Analysis of Vision,“ in Proceedings of the 1. ICCV. International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Comp. Soc. Press, 1987), pp. 346–355.
J. Aloimonos, „Purposive and Qualitative Active Vision,“ Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision (1991): 455–464.
Yon-Han Pao, Adaptive Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks (Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1989).
Axel Pinz, Bildverstehen, Springers Lehrbücher der Informatik (Springer, 1994).
A. Pinz, M. Prantl, and P. Datlinger, „Mapping the Human Retina,“ in Selected Papers from the 9th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, ed. G. Borgefors (Singapore: World Scientific, 1995), pp. 317–329.
K. Wiltschi and A. Pinz, „An Active Inspection System for the Assessment of Steel Quality,“ in Machine Perception Applications, Proceedings IAPR-TC-8 Workshop, vol. 93, ed. A. Pinz, et al. (Vienna and Munich: R. Oldenburg, 1996), pp. 127–136.
P. Uray, „From 3D Point Clouds to Surfaces and Volumes,“ Machine Perception Applications, Proceedings IAPR-TC-8 Workshop, vol. 93, ed. A. Pinz, et al. (Vienna and Munich: R. Oldenburg, 1996), pp. 127–136.
R. C.Jain and T. O. Binford, „Ignorance, Myopia, and Naïveté in Computer Vision Systems,“ Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing 53:1 (1991): 112–117.
T. Pavlidis, „Why Progress in Machine Vision Is So Slow,“ Pattern Recognition Letters 13:4 (1992): 221–225.
P. Zamperoni, „Plus ça va, moins ça va,“ Pattern Recognition Letters 17 (1996): 671–677.
References
W. Maass, Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of Neural Network Models, Neural Networks, 1997.
G. M. Sheperd, Neurobiology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).
A. Anderson and E. Rosenfeld, Neurocomputing (Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1998).
K.Y. Siu, V. Roychowdhury, and T. Kailath, Discrete Neural Computation: A Theoretical Foundation, (Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1995).
C. M. Bishop, Neuronal Networks for Pattern Recognition (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
S. Thorpe, D. Fize, and C. Marlot, „Speed of Processing in the Human Visual System,“ Nature 381 (1996): 520–522.
F. Rieke, D. Warland, W. Bialek, and Van Stevenik, SPIKES: Exploring the Neural Code, (Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1996).
W. Maass and C.M. Bishop, Pulsed Neural Networks (Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1998).
J. J. Hopfield, „Pattern Recognition Computation Using Action Potential Timing for Stimulus Representation,“ Nature 376 (1995): 3–36.
W. Maass, „Fast Sigmodial Neural Networks via Spiking Neurons,“ Neural Computation 9 (1997): 279–304.
W. Maass, Networks of Spiking Neurons, Neural Computation 9 (1997): 279–304.
W. Maass and T. Natschläger, „Networks of Spiking Neurons Can Emulate Arbitrary Hopfield Nets in Temporal Coding,“ Network: Computations in Neural Systems 8:4 (1997): 355–372.
J. J. Hopfield, „Pattern Recognition,“ Network: Computations in Neural Systems 8:4 (1997): 355–372.
C. Koch and I. Segev, Methods in Neural Modeling: From Ions to Networks (Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1998).
C. M. Bishop, Neuronal Networks, (Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press, 1998).
H. Markram, J. Lübke, M. Frotscher, A. Roth, and B. Sakmann, „Regulation of Synaptic Efficacy by Coincidence of Postsynaptic APs and EPSPs,“ Science 275 (1997): 213–215.
T. Natschläger and B. Ruf, ‘Spatial and Temporal Pattern Analysis via Spiking Neurons,’ Network: Computations in Neural Systems 9:3 (1998): 319–332.
C. M. Bishop, Neuronal Networks, Network: Computations in Neural Systems 9:3 (1998): 319–332.
References
Gábor Bódy, Vera Bódy (eds.), Video in Kunst und Altan (Cologne: Dumont, 1986).
Végtelen Kép. Bódy Gábor irásai (Budapest: Pesti Szalon, 1996).
References
The installation version of Slippery Traces contains 230 postcards. For copyright reasons, the CD-ROM version was reduced by some fifty postcards (mostly of recent date).
ai]Elissa Marder, „Blade Runner’s Moving Still,“ Camera Obscura, 27 (John Hopkins University Press, Sept. 1991): 102.
References
Otto Beckmann, Neumagische Objekte des Kultismus und textgenerierte Maschinen (Melk: 1986).
Otto Beckmann, Text-Foto-Objekt, (Vienna: Museum moderner Kunst, 1983).
Otto Beckmann, Photographien zu Texten von Walter Buchebner (Mürzzuschlag: Kunsthaus Galerie, 1994).
References
Gottfried Bechtold. Graz/Bregenz/Bozen (Graz: Neue Galerie, 1994).
Gottfried Bechtold (Bregenz: Bregenzer Kunstverein, 1996).
References
Robert Adrian X. Picassos Auge (Vienna: 1990).
Peter Weibel (ed.), Kunst ohne Unikat (Cologne: 1998).
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
von Foerster, H. et al. (2007). Cybernetics computer science computer art The Beginnings of an Epistemology of Responsibility. In: Beyond Art: A Third Culture. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-37846-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-37846-4_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-24562-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-211-37846-5