Abstract
Gene therapy potentially represents one of the most important developments in modern medicine. Gene therapy, especially of cancer, has created exciting and elusive areas of therapeutic research in the past decade. In fact, the first gene therapy performed in a human was not against cancer but was performed to a 14 year old child suffering from adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. In addition to cancer gene therapy there are many other diseases and disorders where gene therapy holds exciting and promising opportunities. These include amongst others gene therapy within the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Improvements of the efficiency and safety of gene therapy is the major goal of gene therapy development. After the death of Jesse Gelsinger, the first patient in whom death could be directly linked to the viral vector used for the treatment, ethical doubts were raised about the feasibility of gene therapy in humans. Therefore, the ability to direct gene transfer vectors to specific target cells is also a crucial task to be solved and will be important not only to achieve a therapeutic effect but also to limit potential adverse effects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abeloff MD et al (2000) Clinical oncology, 2nd edn. Churchill, Livinstone
Alisky JA, Davidson BL (2000) Gene therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases. Hum Gene Ther 11(17): 2315–2330
Ammirati M et al (1987) Effect of the extent of surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with supratentorial glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas. Neurosurgery 21(2): 201–206
Anderson DM et al (2003) Stability of mRNA/cationic lipid lipoplex in human and rat cerebrospinal fluid: methods and evidence for non-viral mRNA gene delivery into the central nervous system. Hum Gene Ther 14(3): 191–202
Ascadi G et al (2002) Increased survival and function of SOD 1 mice after glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 13(9): 1047–1059
Azzous M et al (2000) Increased motoneuron survival and improved neuromuscular function in transgenic ALS mice after intraspinal injection of adeno-associated virus encoding Bcl-2. Hum Mol Genet 9(5): 803–811
Azzous M et al (2004) VEGF delivery with retrogradely transported lentivector prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Nature 429: 413–417
Bachoud-Levi AC et al (2000) Neuroprotective gene therapy for Huntington’s disease using a polymer encapsulated BHK cell line engineered to secrete human CNTF. Hum Gene Ther 11(12): 1723–1729
Bachoud-Levi AC et al (1998) Prospective for cell and gene therapy in Huntington’s disease. Prog Brain Res 117: 511–524
Bemelmans AP et al (1999) Brain-derived neurotrophic factors-mediated protection of striatal neurons in an excitotoxic rat model of Huntington’s disease, demonstrated by adenoviral gene transfer. Hum Gene Ther 10(18): 2987–2997
Bethel A et al (1997) Intravenous basic fibroblast growth factor-2 decreases brain injury resulting from focal ischemia in cats. Stroke 28: 609–615
Bobo RH et al (1994) Convection-enhanced delivery of macromolecules in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 91: 2076–2080
Boillée S and Cleveland DW (2004) Gene therapy for ALS delivers. Trends Neurosci 27(5): 235–238
Bowers WJ et al (2003) Immune responses to replication-defective HSV-1 type vectors within the CNS: implication for gene therapy. Gene Ther 10(11): 941–945
Brown M (2003) Gene therapy success for Alzheimer’s. Drug Discov Today 8(11): 474–5
Brown MD et al (2001) Gene delivery with synthetic (non-viral) carriers. Int J Pharm 229: 1–21
Bruijn LI et al (2004) Unraveling the mechanisms involved in motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Annu Rev Neurosci 27: 723–749
Byrnes AP et al (1995) Adenovirus gene transfer causes inflammation in the brain. Neuroscience 66(4): 1015–1024
Cabrera-Salazar MA et al (2002) Gene therapy for the lysosomal storage disorders. Curr Opin Mol Ther 4(4): 349–358
Cavazzana-Calvo M et al (2000) Gene therapy of a human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-XI disease. Science 288: 669–672
Chiocca EA (2003) Gene therapy: a primer for neurosurgens. Neurosurgery 53(2): 364–373
Coffin M (1990) Retroviridae and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM (eds) Virology. Raven Press Ltd, New York, p 1437–1500
Connors TA (1995) The choice of prodrugs for gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy of cancer. Gene Ther 2: 702–709
Cordelier P et al (2003) Inhibition of HIV-1 in the central nervous system by IFN-alpha2 delivered by an SV40 vector. J Interferon Cytokin Res 14(16): 1525–1533
Da Cruz MT et al (2004) Improving lipoplex-mediated gene transfer into C6 glioma cells and primary neurons. Exp Neurol 187(1): 65–75
Datta K et al (2004) Senzitazing glioma cells to cisplatin by abrogating the p53 response with antisense oligonucleotides. Cancer Gene Ther 11(8): 525–531
Dietrich HH and Dacey RG (2000) Molecular keys to the problems of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurgery 46(3): 517–29
Durin MJ et al (2003) Development and optimization of adeno-associated virus vector transfer into the central nervous system. Methods Mol Med 76: 221–236
During MJ et al (1994) Long-term behavioral recovery in parkinsonian rats by an HSV vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase. Science 266: 1399–403
Eberhardt O, Schulz JB (2004) Gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Cell Tissue Res 63(4): 758–769
Eberling JL et al (2003) In vivo PET imaging of gene expression in parkinsonian monkeys. Mol Ther 8(6): 873–5
Edelstein ML et al (2004) Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide 1989–2004 — an overview. J Gene Med 6(6): 597–602
Ehrengruber MU (2002) Alphaviral vectors for gene transfer into neurons. Mol Neurobiol 26: 183–201
Eto Y, Ohashi T (2002) Novel treatment for neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases — cell therapy/gene therapy. Curr Mol Med 2(1): 83–89
Fazakerley JK (2004) Semliki forest virus infection of laboratory mice: a model to study the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis. Arch Virol Suppl 18: 179–190
Fecci PE, Gromeier M, Sampson JH (2000) Viruses in the treatment of brain tumors. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 12(4): 553–570
Ferrari FK et al (1997) New developments in the generation of Ad-free, high titer rAAV gene theraby vectors. Nat Med 3(11): 1295–1297
Finkelstein R, Baughman RW, and Steele FR (2001) Harvesting the neural gene therapy fruit. Mol Ther 3(1): 3–7
Fisher W (1987) Amelioration of cholinergic neuron atrophy and spatial memory impairment in aged rats by nerve growth factor. Nature 329: 65–68
Friedlos F et al (1998) Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy: quantitative bystander cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by CB 1954 in cells expressing bacterial nitroreductase. Gene Ther 5(1): 105–112
Friese MA et al (2003) MICA/NKG2D-mediated immunogene therapy of experimental gliomas. Cancer Res 63(24): 8996–9006
Futerman AH, van Meer G (2004) The cell biology of lysosomal storage disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5(7): 554–565
Gash DM, Gerhardt GA, Hoffer BJ (1998) Effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on the nigrostriatal dopamine system in rodents and nonhuman primates. Adv Pharmacol 42: 911–915
Ge L et al (1995) Gene therapeutic approaches to primary and metastatic brain tumors: II. Ribozyme-mediated suppression of CD44 expression. J Neurooncol 26(3): 251–257
Goldman CK et al (1997) In vitro and in vivo gene delivery mediated by a synthetic polycationic amino polymer. Nat Biotech 15(5): 462–466
Gomez-Manzano C et al (2004) A novel E1A-E1B mutant adenovirus induces glioma regression in vivo. Oncogene 23(10): 1821–1828
Gondi CS et al (2004) Adenovirus-mediated expression of antisense urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and antisense cathepsin B inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis in gliomas. Cancer Res 64: 4069–4077
Greg M (2002) Breaking down barriers. Science 297(5587): 1116–1118
Gromeier M, Wimmer E (2001) Viruses for the treatment of malignant glioma. Curr Opin Mol Ther 3(5): 503–508
Gutierrez-Delicado E, Serratosa JM (2004) Genetics of epilepsies. Curr Opin Neurol 17(2): 147–153
Haberman RP et al (2003) Attenuation of seizures and neuronal death by adeno-associated virus vector galanin expression and secretion. Nat Med 9(8): 1076–1080
Hacein-Bey-Abina S et al (2003) A serious adverse event after successful gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 348(3): 255–6
Hagell P et al (2002) Dyskinesias following neural transplantation in Parkinsons disease. Nat Neurosci 5: 627–628
Haluska M, Anthony ML (2004) Osmotic blood-brain barrier modification for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. CJON 8(3): 263–267
Hoehn B et al (2001) Overexpression of HSP72 after induction of experimental stroke protects neurons from ischemic damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21(11): 1303–1309
Hogarth P (2003) Huntington’s disease: a decade beyond gene discovery. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 3(4): 279–284
Howard K (2003) First Parkinson gene therapy trial launches. Nat. Biotech 21(10): 1117–8
Hsich G, Sena-Esteves M, Breakefield XO (2002) Critical issues in gene therapy for neurologic disease. Hum Gene Ther 13(5): 579–604
Ichikawa T et al (2001) Intraneoplastic polymer-based delivery of cyclophosphamide for intratumoral bioconversion by a replicating oncolytic viral vector. Cancer Res 61(3): 864–868
Immonen A et al (2004) AdvHSV-tk gene therapy with intravenous ganciclovir improves survival in human malignant glioma: a randomized, controlled study. Mol Ther 10(5): 967–72
Jakobsson J et al (2003) Targeted transgene expression in rat brain using lentiviral vectors. J Neurosci Res 73(6): 876–885
Jakobsson J et al (2003) Targeted transgene expression in rat using lentiviral vectors. J Neurosci Res 73(6): 876–885
Joos K, Chirmule N (2003) Immunity to adenovirus and adenoassociated viral vectors: implications for gene therapy. Gene Ther 10(11): 955–963
Kajiwara K et al (2000) Humoral immune response to adenovirus vectors in the brain. J Neuroimmunol 103(3): 253–265
Kaspar BK et al (2003) Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse model. Science 301: 839–842
Kaye EM, Sena-Esteves M (2002) Gene therapy for the central nervous system in the lysosomal storage disorders. Neurol Clin 20(3): 879–901
Kirik D, Bjorklund A (2003) Modeling CNS neurodegeneration by overexpression of disease causing proteins using viral vectors. Trends Neurosci 26(7): 386–392
Kirsch M et al (2000) Anti-angiogenic treatment strategies for malignant brain tumors. J Neurooncol 50: 149–163
Koponen JK et al (2003) Doxycycline-regulated lentiviral vector system with a novel reverse transactivator rtTA2S-M2 shows a tight control of gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther 10(6): 459–466
Kordower J et al (2000) Neurodegeneration prevented by lentiviral vector delivery of GDNF in primate models of Parkinson’s disease. Science 290: 767–773
Kramm CM et al (1996) Long-term survival in a rodent model of disseminated brain tumors by combined intrathecal delivery of herpes vectors and ganciclovir treatment. Hum Gene Ther 7(16): 1989–1994
Kromer LF (1987) Nerve growth factor treatment after brain injury prevents neuronal death. Science 235(4785): 214–216
Kugler S et al (2003) Human synapsin 1 gene promoter confers highly neuron-specific long-term transgene expression from an adenoviral vector in the adult rat brain depending on the transduced area. Gene Ther 10(4): 337–347
Lakka SS et al (2003) Synergistic down-regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in SNB19 glioblastoma cells efficiently inhibits glioma cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Cancer Res 63(10): 2454–2461
Lamont JP et al (2000) A prospective phase II trial of ONYX-015 adenovirus and chemotherapy in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (the Baylor experience). Ann Surg Oncol 7(8): 588–592
Lampela P et al (2002) The use of low-molecular-weight PEIs as gene carriers in the monkey fibroblastoma and rabbit smooth muscle cell culture. J Gene Med 4(2): 205–214
Lehtolainen P et al (2002) Baculovirus exhibits restricted cell type specificity in rat brain: a comparison of baculovirus-and adenovirus mediated intracerebral gene transfer in vivo. Gene Ther 9(24): 1693–1699
Lehtolainen P et al (2002) Clining and characterization of Scavidin, a fusion protein for the targeted delivery of biotinylated molecules. J Biol Chem 277(10): 8545–8550
Lehtolainen P et al (2003) Targeting of biotinylated compounds to its target tissue using a low-density lipoprotein receptor-avidin fusion protein. Gene Ther 10(25): 2090–2097
Lesage D et al (2002) Evaluation and optimization on DNA delivery into gliosarcoma 9L cells by a cholesterol-based cationic liposome. Biochim Biophys Acta 1564(2): 393–402
Lin H et al (2002) Cyclooxygenase-1 and bicistronic cyclooxygenase-1/prostacyclin synthase gene transfer protects against ischemic cerebral infarction. Circulation 105(16): 1962–1969
Liu BH et al (2004) CMV enhancer/human PDGF-beta promoter for neuron specific transgene expression. Gene Ther 11(1): 52–60
Lou E (2004) Oncolytic viral therapy and immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors: two potential new approaches of translational research. Ann Med 36(1): 2–8
Lowenstein PR, Castro MG (2003) inflammation and adaptive immune responses to adenoviral vectors injected into the brain: peculiarities, mechanisms, and consequences. Gene Ther 10(11): 946–954
Lowenstein PR (2004) Immunological needles in the gene therapy haystack: applying a genetic paradigm to gene therapy. Gene Ther 11(1): 1–3
Lüders JC et al (2000) Adenoviral gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase increases cerebral blood flow in rats. Neurosurgery 47(5): 1206–1217
Lundstrom K et al (2001) Semliki Forest virus vectors: efficient vehicles for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. FEBS Lett 504(3): 99–103
Luo J et al (2002) Subthalamic GAD gene therapy in a Parkinson’s disease rat model. Science 298: 425–429
MacMillan JC et al (1994) Clinical considerations in gene therapy of Huntington’s disease. Gene Ther 1[Suppl] 1: 88
McCown TJ (2004) The clinical potential of antiepileptic gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 4(11): 1771–1776
McPhee SW et al (2005) Effects of AAV-2-mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer in the tremor rat model of Canavan disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 135(1–2): 112–121
Manome Y et al (1996) Gene therapy for malignant gliomas using replication incompetent retroviral and adenoviral vectors encoding the cytochrome P450 2B1 gene together with cyclophosphamide. Gene Ther 3(6): 513–520
Markert JM et al (2000) Conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus mutant, GS07 for the treatment of malignant glioma: results of a phase I trial. Gene Ther 7(10): 867–874
Marr RA et al (2003) Neprilysin gene transfer reduces human amyloid pathology in transgenic mice. J Neurosci 23(6): 1992–1996
Marr RA et al (2004) Neprilysin regulates amyloid Beta peptide levels. J Mol Neurosci 22(1–2): 5–11
Mattson MP (2004) Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 430: 631–639
McBride JL et al (2003) Structural and functional neuroprotection in a rat model of Huntington’s disease by viral gene transfer of GDNF. Exp Neurol 181(2): 213–223
Miller CR et al (1998) Differential susceptibility of primary and established human glioma cells to adenovirus infection: targeting via the epidermal growth factor receptor achieves fibre receptor-independent gene transfer. Cancer Res 58(24): 5738–5748
Miller CR et al (2002) Intratumoral 5-fluorouracil produced by cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosin gene therapy is effective for experimental human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 62(3): 773–780
Miller DG et al (1990) Gene transfer by retrovirus vectors occurs only in cells that are actively replicating at the time of infection. Mol Cell Biol 10: 4239–4242
Mohanam S et al (2002) Modulation of invasive properties of human glioblastoma cells stably expressing amino-terminal fragment of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Oncogene 21(51): 7824–7830
Monahan PE, White GC 2nd (2002) Hemophilia gene therapy: update. Curr Opin Hematol 9(5): 430–436
Moolten FL (1994) Drug sensitivity (“suicide”) genes for selective cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 1: 279–287
Morishita R et al (2004) Safety Evaluation of Clinical Gene Therapy Using Hepatocyte Growth Factor to Treat Peripheral Arterial Disease. Hypertension Jul 6 [Epub ahead of print]
Morishita R et al (2004) Therapeutic angiogenesis using hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Curr Gene Ther 4(2): 199–206
Moriuchi S et al (1998) Enhanced tumor cell killing in the presence of ganciclovir by herpes simplex virus type 1 vector-directed coexpression of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. Cancer Res 58(24): 5731–5737
Mountain A (2000) Gene therapy: the first decade. TIBTECH 18: 119–128
Naldini L et al (1996) In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector. Science 272: 263–267
Neuwelt EA et al (1995) Gene replacement therapy in the central nervous system — viral vector-mediated therapy of global neurodegenerative disease. Behav Brain Sci 18(1): 1–9
Neuwelt G et al (1980) Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in humans: implications for the chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors. Neurosurgery 7(1): 44–52
Nguyen TT et al (2003) Convective distribution of macromolecules in the primate brain demonstrated using computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 98(3): 584–590
Ogris M, Wagner E (2002) Targeting tumors with non-viral gene delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 7(8): 479–485
Onoue H et al (1998) Expression and function of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in canine basilar artery after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 29: 1959–1966
Palmer AM et al (2002) Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease: progress and prospects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 23: 426–433
Palmer DH et al (2004) Virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: intratumoral administration of a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding nitro-reductase to patients with resectable liver cancer. J Clin Oncol 22(9): 1546–1552
Pardridge WM (2002) Drug and gene delivery to the brain: the vascular route. Neuron 36: 555–558
Pardridge WM (2002a) drug and gene delivery to the brain: the vascular route. Neuron 36(4): 555–558
Pardridge WM (2002b) Drug and gene targeting to the brain with molecular Trojan horses. Nat Rev Drug Discov 1(2): 131–139
Pompl PN et al (2003) A therapeutic role for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. FASEB 17(6): 725–727
Prados MD et al (2003) Treatment of progressive or recurrent glioblastoma multiforme in adults with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene vector-producer cells followed by intravenous ganciclovir administration: a phase I/II multi-institutional trial. J Neurooncol 65(3): 269–278
Puduvalli VK (2004) Inhibition of angiogenesis as a therapeutic strategy against brain tumors. Cancer Treat Res 117: 307–336
Puumalainen AM et al (1998b) Beta-galactosidase gene transfer to human malignant glioma in vivo using replication-deficient retroviruses and adenoviruses. Hum Gene Ther 9(12): 1769–1774
Puumalainen AM, Vapalahti M, Ylä-Herttuala S (1998a) Gene therapy for malignant glioma patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 451: 505–509
Qureshi NH et al (2000) Multicolumn infusion of gene therapy cells into human brain tumors: technical report. Neurosurgery 46(3): 663–668; discussion 668–669
Rabino I (2003) Gene therapy: ethical issues. Theor Med 24: 31–58
Rainov NG (2000a) A phase III clinical evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase ganciclovir gene therapy as an adjuvant to surgical resection and radiation in adults with previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme. Hum Gene Ther 11(17): 2389–2401
Rainov NG et al (2000b) Immune response induced by retrovirus-mediated HSV-tk/GCV pharmacogene therapy in patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Gene Ther 7(21): 1853–1858
Rainov NG, Kramm CM (2001) Vector delivery methods and targeting strategies for gene therapy of brain tumors. Curr Gene Ther 1: 367–383
Rainov NG, Ren H (2003) Oncolytic viruses for treatment of malignant brain tumours. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] 88: 113–123
Rainov NG et al (1999) Intraarterial delivery of adenovirus vectors and liposome-DNA complexes to experimental brain neoplasms. Hum Gene Ther 10(2): 311–318
Regulier E et al (2002) Dose-dependent neuroprotective effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor delivered via tetracycline-regulated lentiviral vectors in the quinolinic acid rat model of Huntington’s disease. Hum Gene Ther 13(16): 1981–1990
Richichi C et al (2004) Anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic effects mediated by adeno-associated virus vector neuropeptide Y expression in the rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 24(12): 3051–3059
Saito R et al (2003) Distribution of liposomes into brain and rat brain tumor models by convection-enhanced delivery monitored with magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res 64: 2572–2579
Samii A, Nutt JG, Ransom BR (2004) Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 363: 1783–93
Sanchez-Pernaut R et al (2001) Functional effect of adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase into the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Mol Ther 4(4): 324–330
Sandmair A-M et al (2000a) Thymidine kinase gene therapy for human malignant glioma using replication-deficient retroviruses or adenoviruses. Human Gene Ther 11(16): 2197–2205
Sandmair A-M (2000b) Gene therapy for malignant glioma. Thesis work. University of Kuopio
Schlachetzki F et al (2004) Gene therapy of the brain. Neurology 62: 1275–1281
Scollay R (2001) Gene therapy: a brief overview of the past, present and future. Ann NY Acad Sci 953: 26–30
Seki T et al (2004) Adenoviral gene transfer of aspartoacylase ameliorates tonic convulsions of spontaneously epileptic rats. Neurochem Int 45(1): 171–178
Shand N et al (1999) A phase 1–2 clinical trial of gene therapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme by tumor transduction with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene followed by ganciclovir. GLI328 European-Canadian Study Group. Hum Gene Therapy 10(14): 2325–2335
Shen Y et al (2000) Triple transduction with adeno-associated virus vectors expressing tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, and GTP cyclohydrolase I for gene therapy of Parkinson’s disease. Hum Gene Ther 11(11): 1509–1519
Shigeru T et al (2004) Infiltrating macrophages as in vivo targets for intravenous gene delivery in cerebral infarction. Stroke Published online before print
Shimamura M et al (2003) HJV-envelope vector for gene transfer into central nervous system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300(2): 464–471
Shimamura M et al (2004) Novel therapeutic strategy to treat brain ischemia: overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor gene reduced ischemic injury without cerebral edema in rat model. Circulation 109(3): 424–431
Shimoura N, Hamada H (2003) Gene therapy using an adenovirus vector for apoptosis-related genes is a highly effective therapeutic modality for killing glioma cells. Curr Gene Ther 3(2): 147–153
Shirakura M et al (2004) Postischemic administration of Sendai virus vector carrying neurotrophic factor genes prevents delayed neuronal death in gerbils. Gene Ther 11(9): 784–790
Simonato M et al (2000) Gene transfer into neurons for the molecular analysis of behaviour: focus on herpes simplex vectors. Trends Neurosci 23(5): 183–190
Smitt PS et al (2003) Treatment of relapsed malignant glioma with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene followed by ganciclovir. Mol Ther 7(6): 851–858
Snyder RO, Flotte TR (2002) Production of clinical grade recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13(5): 418–423
Steinbach JP and Weller M (2002) Mechanisms of apoptosis in central nervous system tumor: application to theory. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2(3): 246–253
Steinwaerder DS et al (2001) Tumor-specific gene expression in hepatic metastases by a replication-activated adenovirus vector. Nat Med 7(2): 240–243
Stoodley M et al (2000) Effect of adenovirus-mediated nitric oxide synthase gene transfer on vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 46(5): 1193–1205
Sun JY et al (2003) Immune responses to adeno-associated virus and its recombinant vectors. Gene Ther 10(11): 964–976
Sun M et al (2003) Correction of a rat model of Parkinson’s disease by coexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase from a helper virus-free herpes simplex virus type 1 vector. Hum Gene Ther 14(5): 415–424
Tanaka T et al (1998) Viral vector-targeted antiangiogenic gene therapy utilizing an agiostatin complementary DNA. Cancer Res 58(15): 3362–3369
Tani H et al (2003) In vitro and in vivo gene delivery by recombinant Baculoviruses. J Virol 77(18): 9799–9808
Temin HM (1990) Safety considerations in somatic gene therapy of human disease with retroviral vectors. Human Gene Ther 1: 111–123
Tenenbaum L et al (2004) Recombinant AAV-mediated gene delivery to the central nervous system. J Gene Med 6: 212–222
Thomas CE et al (2003) Progress and problems with the use of viral vectors for gene therapy. Nature 4: 346–358
Todo T et al (2000) Evaluation of ganciclovir-mediated enhancement of the antitumoral effect in oncolytic, multimediated herpes simplex virus type 1 (G207) therapy of brain tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 7(6): 939–946
Toyoda K et al (2003) Gene therapy for cerebral vascular disease: update 2003. Br J Pharmacol 139: 139–147
Trask TW et al (2000) Phase I study of adenoviral delivery of the HSV-tk gene and ganciclovir administration in patients with current malignant brain tumors. Mol Ther 1(2): 195–203
Tuszynski MH et al (1998) Targeted intraparenchymal delivery of human NGF by gene transfer to the primate forebrain for 3 months does not accelerate β-amyloid plaque deposition. Exp Neurol 154: 573–582
Tuszynski MH (2002) Growth-factor gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. Lancet Neurol 1: 51–57
Uchida H et al (2004) Adenovirus-mediated transfer of siRNA against surviving induced apoptosis and attenuated tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther 10(1): 162–171
Van der Haute C et al (2003) Lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA results in persistent knockdown of gene expression in mouse brain. Hum Gene Ther 14(18): 1799–1807
Wakimoto H et al (2003) Effects of innate immunity on herpes simplex virus and its ability to kill tumor cells. Gene Ther 10(11): 983–990
Wang LJ et al (2002) Neuroprotective effects of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor mediated by adeno-associated virus in a transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci 22(16): 6920–6928
Watanabe Y et al (2003) Gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase reduces cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 34(2): 434–440
Watson DJ, Wolfe JH (2003) Lentiviral vectors for gene transfer to the central nervous system. Applications in lysosomal storage disease animal models. Methods Mol Med 76: 383–403
Weedon SJ et al (2000) Sensitisation of human carcinoma cells to the prodrug CB1954 by adenovirus vector-mediated expression of E coli nitroreductase. Int J Cancer 86(6): 848–854
Weiss MD et al (2004) Current pharmacological management of amyotrophic [corrected] lateral sclerosis and a role rational polypharmacy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 5(4): 735–746.
Wickham TJ (2003) Ligand-directed targeting of genes to the site of disease. Nat Med 9(1): 135–139
Wildner O (1999) In situ use of suicide genes for therapy of brain tumours. Ann Med 31(6): 421–429
Winkler J et al (1998) Cholinergic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. J Mol Med 76: 555–567
Witham TF et al (2003) Expression of a soluble transforming growth factorbeta (TGFbeta) receptor reduces tumorigenicity by regulation natural killer (NK) cell activity against 9L gliosarcoma in vivo. J Neurooncol 64(1–2): 55–61
Wood MJ et al (1994) Immunological consequences of HSV-1-mediated gene transfer into the CNS. Gene Ther [Suppl] 1: 82
Wu K et al (2004) The effects of rAAV2-mediated NGF gene delivery in adult and aged rats. Mol Ther 9(2): 262–269
Yamanaka R et al (2003) Induction of antitumor immunological response by an intratumoral injection of dendritic cells pulsed with genetically engineered Semliki Forest virus to produce interleukin-18 combined with the systemic administration of interleukin-12. J Neurosurg 99(4): 746–753
Yang GY et al (1997) Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the mouse brain reduces ischemic brain injury. Brain Res 751(2): 181–188
Yang SY et al (2004) Gene therapy of rat malignant gliomas using neural stem stells expressing IL-12. DNA Cell Biol 23(6): 381–389
Yenari MA et al (2003) Gene therapy and hypothermia for stroke treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 992: 54–68; discussion 79–81
Ylä-Herttuala S, Alitalo K (2003) Gene transfer as a tool to induce therapeutic vascular growth. Nat Med 9(6): 694–701
Ylä-Herttuala S and Martin JF (2000) Cardiovascular gene therapy. Lancet 355: 213–222
Yukawa H et al (2000) Adenoviral gene transfer of basic fibroblast growth factor promotes angiogenesis in rat brain. Gene Ther 7: 942–949
Zadeh G and Guha A (2003) Angiogenesis in nervous system disorders. Neurosurgery 53(6): 1362–1374
Zhang Y et al (2004) Intravenous RNA interference gene therapy targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor prolongs survival in intracranial brain tumour. Clin Cancer Res 10(11): 3667–3677
Zlokovic BV and Apuzzo M (1997) Cellular and molecular neurosurgery: pathways from concept to reality — part II: vector systems and delivery methodologies for gene therapy of the central nervous system. Neurosurgery 40(4): 1992–1998
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wirth, T., Ylä-Herttuala, S. (2006). Gene Technology Based Therapies in the Brain. In: Pickard, J.D., et al. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 31. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-32234-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-32234-5_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-28253-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-211-32234-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)