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Neurodevelopmental Disorders pp 1–17Cite as

ADHD: strategies to unravel its genetic architecture

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Summary

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and impairing neuropsychiatric disorder with onset at preschool age and strong persistence over time. Its validity as a psychiatric disorder has been established according to Robins and Guze criteria. Genetic factors predominate in the etiology of ADHD. This paper summarizes the current status of genetic research into ADHD, and describes eight factors that complicate research into genetically complex disorders as ADHD. These factors are that multiple genes of small main effects are involved rather than main genes, the relevant phenotype is unknown, presence of clinical heterogeneity, presence of genetic heterogeneity, gene-environment correlation, gene-environment interaction, importance of endophenotypes, and importance of developmental factors. The further unraveling of the genetic architecture of ADHD will depend to a large extent on how well these complicating factors are handled or even used.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry (333), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    J. K. Buitelaar

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    W. W. Fleischhacker

  2. Division of Neurocience and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK

    D. J. Brooks

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Buitelaar, J.K. (2005). ADHD: strategies to unravel its genetic architecture. In: Fleischhacker, W.W., Brooks, D.J. (eds) Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-31222-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-31222-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-26291-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-31222-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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