Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Damage

  • Chapter
Principles of European Tort Law

  • 829 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Cf. H. Koziol, Conclusions, in: H. Koziol (ed.), Unification of Tort Law: Wrongfulness (1998, hereafter cited as PETL Wrongfulness) 129 et seq.; H. Koziol, The Concept of Wrongfulness under the Principles of European Tort Law, in: H. Koziol/B. Steininger (eds.), European Tort Law 2002 (2003) 552 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cf. P. Widmer, Switzerland, in PETL Wrongfulness, 115.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Meeting in Vienna, 26–28 September 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Meeting of the Drafting Committee in Vienna, 7 April 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cf. U. Magnus, Comparative Report on the Law of Damages, in: U. Magnus (ed.), Unification of Tort Law: Damages (2001, hereafter cited as PETL Damages) 185 (no. 37 et seq.).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Meeting in Pisa, 30 and 31 May 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cf. P. Widmer, Switzerland, PETL Wrongfulness, 115.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cf. the reports on case 13, PETL Wrongfulness.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cf. again P. Widmer, Switzerland, PETL Wrongfulness, 120 et seq.; further Art. 41 para. 2 of the Draft Revision of Swiss Tort Law.

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. von Caemmerer, Wandlungen des Deliktsrechts, in Festschrift zum 100jährigen Bestehen des deutschen Juristentages II (1960) 75 et seq.; H. Stoll, Unrechtstypen bei Verletzung absolu-ter Rechte, [1963] Archiv für die civilistische Praxis (AcP) 162, 203; E. Deutsch, Fahrlässigkeit und erforderliche Sorgfalt (2nd edn. 1995) 229 et seq., 282.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cf. W. Münzberg, Verhalten und Erfolg als Grundlagen der Rechtswidrigkeit und Haftung (1966); G. Brüggemeier, Deliktsrecht (1986) no. 95; H. Kötz/G. Wagner, Deliktsrecht (9th edn. 2001) no. 98 et seq. See also K. Larenz/C.-W. Canaris, Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts 11/2: Besonderer Teil (13th edn., dy1994) § 75 II 3.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cf. Art 6:162 Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW); further J. Spier, The Netherlands, PETL Wrongfulness, 87 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  13. See H. Koziol, Austria, PETL Wrongfulness, 13 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  14. See the report by K.D. Kerameus, Greece, PETL Wrongfulness, 66.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cf J. Neethling, South Africa, PETL Wrongfulness, 101 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  16. See the W.V.H. Rogers, England, PETL Wrongfulness, 39 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. Viney, France, PETL Wrongfulness, 57 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  18. H.A. Cousy, Belgium, PETL Wrongfulness, 31 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cf. F.D. Busnelli/ G. Comandé, Italy, PETL Wrongfulness, 69 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cf. to the reasons U. Magnus, Germany, in U. Magnus (ed.), Unification of Tort Law: Damages (2001, hereafter cited as PETL Damages) 89 (no. 36 et seq.).

    Google Scholar 

  21. See U. Magnus, Germany, PETL Damages, no. 34.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Thiswas the outcome of the Drafting Committee’s meeting on 19 May 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  23. See U. Magnus, Germany, PETL Damages, no. 37.

    Google Scholar 

  24. W.V.H. Rogers, Comparative Report, in: W.V.H. Rogers (ed.), Damages for Non-Pecuniary Loss in a Comparative Perspective (2001) 246 (no. 2). Cf. also U. Magnus, Germany, PETL Damages, no. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  25. See U. Magnus, Germany, PETL Damages, no. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cf. H. Koziol, Austria, PETL Damages, 10 (no. 16 et seq.).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Infra Art. 2:103 no. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  28. See the comments in the country reports on Case 1 in: U. Magnus, Germany, PETL Damages, further idem, Comparative Report on the Law of Damages, PETL Damages, 185 (no. 98).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cf. U. Magnus, Germany, PETL Damages, no. 98; further O. Massot, France, in: H. Koziol/B. Steininger (eds.), European Tort Law 2001 (2002) 191 (no. 22 et seq.); Ph. Brun, France, in: H. Koziol/B. Steininger (eds.), European Tort Law 2002 (2003) 179 (no. 17 et seq.).

    Google Scholar 

  30. See H. Koziol, The Concept of Wrongfulness under the Principles of European Tort Law, in: H. Koziol/ B. Steininger (eds.), European Tort Law 2002 (2003) 552 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  31. H. Koziol, Austria, PETL Wrongfulness, 15 with further references.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Cf. W. van Boom, Pure Economic Loss: A Comparative Perspective, in: W. van Boom/ H. Koziol/ Ch. Witting (eds.), Pure Economic Loss (2004) 2 et seq.; I. Gilead, The Limits of Tort Liability in Negligence and Pure Economic Loss, in: H. Hausmaninger et al. (eds.), Developments in Austrian and Israeli Private Law (1999) 203; J. Neethling, South Africa, PETL Wrongfulness, 106.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cf. R. Alexy, Begriff und Geltung des Rechts (1992) 120.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cf. in more detail E.K. Banakas (ed.), Civil Liability for Pure Economic Loss (1996); W. van Boom/H. Koziol/Ch. Witting (eds.), Pure Economic Loss (2004); M. Bussani/V.V. Palmer (eds.), Pure Economic Loss in Europe (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cf. the conclusions by H. Koziol, PETL Wrongfulness, 131 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  36. See the reports on case 6 in PETL Wrongfulness.

    Google Scholar 

  37. See the reports on case 7 in PETL Wrongfulness.

    Google Scholar 

  38. See the reports on case 2 in PETL Wrongfulness.

    Google Scholar 

  39. See the reports on case 1, 3 and 4 in PETL Wrongfulness.

    Google Scholar 

  40. See the reports on case 1 in PETL Wrongfulness; cf. further the outlook in W. van Boom/H. Koziol/Ch. Witting (eds.), Pure Economic Loss (2004) 191 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cf. infra the comments on Art. 10:301 et seq.; further W.V.H. Rogers, Comparative Report, in W.V.H. Rogers (ed.), Damages for Non-Pecuniary Loss in a Comparative Perspective (2001) no. 31.

    Google Scholar 

  42. In Europe the opinion is split whether in this case either full or limited or no compensation for lost earnings should be granted. While Belgian law denies any compensation the other countries agree that at least some restricted and basic compensation for lost earnings or lost earning capacity should be granted; even full compensation of the lost earnings is allowed by Austria and probably also by England, Greece and the Netherlands; see U. Magnus, Comparative Report, PETL Damages, no. 12 and the references there.

    Google Scholar 

  43. See H. Koziol, Austria, PETL Damages, no. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  44. See fn. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  45. See, e.g., for Austria: OGH [1985] Entscheidungen des österreichischen Obersten Gerichtshofes in Zivil-und Justizverwaltungssachen (SZ) 58/101; [1990] SZ 63/106; [1999] Recht der Wirtschaft (RdW), 400; for Belgium: H. Cousy/A. Vanderspikken, Belgium, PETL Damages, 27 (no. 42, 118); for England: Burns v. Edman [1970] 2 QB 541; for France: S. Galand-Carval, France, PETL Damages, 11 (no. 26, 79); for Germany: Entscheidungen des (deutschen) Bundesgerichtshofs in Zivilsachen (BGHZ) 75, 368; for Greece: K. Kerameus, Greece, PETL Damages 113 (no. 15); for Italy: Cass. civ., sez. III, [1987, I] Foro it. 493; for the Netherlands: M. H. Wissink/W.H. von Boom, Netherlands, PETL Damages, 151 (no. 89). Also non-European countries follow the same rule; see, e.g., for South-Africa: Dhlamini v. Protea Assurance Co. Ltd., (1974) 4 The South African Law Reports (S.A.) 906 (A); Shield Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Booysen, (1979) 3 S.A. 953 (A); for the USA: G. Schwartz, USA, PETL Damages, no. 14. Compare also fn. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  46. See U. Magnus, Comparative report, PETL Damages, no. 68.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Cf. infra fn. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  48. See for Austria: H. Koziol, Austria, PETL Damages; no. 108, R. Welser, Zur Ersetzbarkeit von Detektivkosten beim Warenhausdiebstahl, [1977] ÖJZ, 646; for Belgium: Cass. 15 November 1995, [1995] Arresten van het Hof van Cassatie 1016; for England: W.V.H. Rogers, England, PETL Damages, no. 38; for France: S. Galand-Carval, France, PETL Damages, no. 89; for Germany: BGHZ 75, 230 (but a nominal sum of € 25 can be claimed); for Greece: K.D. Kerameus, Greece, PETL Damages, no. 39 (with slight doubts); for Italy: F.D. Busnelli/G. Comande, Italy, PETL Damages, no.114; in the Netherlands: M.H. Wissink/W.H. van Boom, The Netherlands, PETL Damages, no. 133. The same solution is also followed by, e.g., South Africa: J. Neetling, South Africa, PETL Damages; no. 52; USA: G. Schwartz, USA, PETL Damages, no. 39.

    Google Scholar 

  49. See also the Commentary to Art. 2:101, in particular no. 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  50. For instance under Belgium law: see L. Schuermans/ A. van Oevelen/ C. Perseyn/ P. Ernst/ J.L. Schuermans, Onrechtmatige daad. Schade en schadeloosstelling (1983–1992), [1994] Tijd-schrift voor Privaatrecht, 977; also under German law: BGHZ 53, 245; BGHZ 61, 169; BGH [1993] NJW 935.

    Google Scholar 

  51. This is the prevailing view for instance in England: see, e.g., Hotson v. E. Berkshire H.A. [1987] A.C. 750 and in the USA: see G. Schwartz, PETL Damages, no. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  52. See § 273 Austrian Code of Civil Procedure.

    Google Scholar 

  53. See § 287 German Code of Civil Procedure.

    Google Scholar 

  54. H. Cousy/ A. Vanderspikken, Belgium, PETL Damages, no. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  55. W.V.H. Rogers, England, PETL Damages, no. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  56. S. Galand-Carval, France, PETL Damages, no. 56.

    Google Scholar 

  57. K. Kerameus, Greece, PETL Damages, no. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  58. F.D. Busnelli/ G. Comande, Italy, PETL Damages, no. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  59. M.H. Wissink/ W.H. van Boom, The Netherlands, PETL Damages, no. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. Neethling, South Africa, PETL Damages, no. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  61. G. Schwartz, USA, PETL Damages, no. 18.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pisa, Italy

    Francesco D. Busnelli & Giovanni Comandé

  2. Leuven, Belgium

    Herman Cousy

  3. Tucson, USA

    Dan B. Dobbs

  4. Stockholm, Sweden

    Bill W. Dufwa

  5. Maastricht, Netherlands

    Michael G. Faure

  6. Jerusalem, Israel

    Israel Gilead

  7. Winston-Salem, USA

    Michael D. Green

  8. Athens, Greece

    Konstantinos D. Kerameus

  9. Innsbruck/Vienna, Austria

    Bernhard A. Koch

  10. Vienna/Graz, Austria

    Helmut Koziol

  11. Hamburg, Germany

    Ulrich Magnus

  12. Girona, Spain

    Miquel Martín-Casals

  13. Lyon, France

    Olivier Moréteau

  14. Pretoria, South Africa

    Johann Neethling

  15. Leeds, England

    W. V. Horton Rogers

  16. Coimbra, Portugal

    Jorge Ferreira Sinde Monteiro

  17. The Hague, Netherlands

    Jaap Spier

  18. Prague, Czech Republic

    Lubos Tichy

  19. Lausanne, Switzerland

    Pierre Widmer

Authors
  1. Francesco D. Busnelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giovanni Comandé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Herman Cousy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dan B. Dobbs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bill W. Dufwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Michael G. Faure
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Israel Gilead
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Michael D. Green
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Konstantinos D. Kerameus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Bernhard A. Koch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Helmut Koziol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Ulrich Magnus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Miquel Martín-Casals
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Olivier Moréteau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Johann Neethling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. W. V. Horton Rogers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Jorge Ferreira Sinde Monteiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Jaap Spier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Lubos Tichy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. Pierre Widmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Busnelli, F.D. et al. (2005). Damage. In: Principles of European Tort Law. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-27751-X_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation