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Génomique et protéomique dans la détection précoce du cancer

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Le dépistage du cancer bronchique : de l’espoir à la réalité

Part of the book series: Dépistage et cancer ((DC))

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Résumé

Les résultats obtenus à ce jour dans le traitement du cancer du poumon restent décevants. La faible survie s’explique par une prise en charge à un stade souvent localement avancé ou métastatique, qui ne relève parfois que d’un traitement palliatif.

Le dépistage précoce des formes débutantes ou des lésions pré-néoplasiques d’une façon simple, rapide, fiable et peu coûteuse serait une approche intéressante dans la prise en charge du carcinome bronchique.

Le processus tumoral résulte de l’aaccumulation séquentielle d’anomalies génétiques et épigénétiques touchant les gènes de contrôle positifs (oncogènes) ou négatifs (gènes suppresseurs de tumeur) qui, par avantage de croissance et de survie, aboutissent à la sélection d’un clone cellulaire tumoral et à sa prolifération.

La mise en évidence de ces anomalies nommées ? biomarqueurs moléculaires ? chez les sujets dits à risque (tabac, exposition professionnelle ou autre) permettrait de cibler une population susceptible de bénéficier d’investigations plus agressives, d’une surveillance plus étroite et, éventuellement, d’un traitement préventif ou curatif précoce.

À ce jour, seules des études prospectives sur des cohortes adaptées permettront de valider leur utilisation au titre du dépistage et de suivre l’évolution technologique nécessaire pour une détection en routine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité sommeil et respiration-Insuffisance chronique-Pneumologie, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38045, Grenoble

    S. Diab

  2. Groupe de recherche sur les cancers bronchiques Inserm EA9924, DMAS pneumologie, BP 217, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9

    D. Moro-Sibilot

  3. Département de médecine aiguë spécialisée, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38045, Grenoble

    C. Brambilla

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Diab, S., Moro-Sibilot, D., Brambilla, C. (2005). Génomique et protéomique dans la détection précoce du cancer. In: Le dépistage du cancer bronchique : de l’espoir à la réalité. Dépistage et cancer. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/2-287-27498-7_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/2-287-27498-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-22086-9

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