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The Future of Altered Fractionation

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Alternate Fractionation in Radiotherapy

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

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Abstract

Radiotherapy remains at the core of treatment for a number of disease sites, especially breast, prostate, and lung cancers, the three most commonly diagnosed cancers in 2015 (Siegel et al. 2016). Radiotherapy (RT) has typically been delivered in multifraction regimens dating back to radiobiology experiments in the 1920s and 1930s which demonstrated that dividing the radiation dose into multiple treatments provides a balance between tumor control and normal tissue toxicity. Subsequent experimentation demonstrated that 1.8–2.0 Gy fractions of radiation delivered daily five times per week allows for repair of sublethal damage within normal tissues thereby reducing radiation toxicity while maximizing cell kill in most tumor types due to reassortment within radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle and reoxygenation of tissues (Hall and Giaccia 2012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Brian J. Gebhardt M.D., Zachary D. Horne M.D. & Sushil Beriwal M.D.

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  1. Brian J. Gebhardt M.D.
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  2. Zachary D. Horne M.D.
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  3. Sushil Beriwal M.D.
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Correspondence to Sushil Beriwal M.D. .

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  1. Allegheny General Hospital Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Drexel University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Mark Trombetta

  2. Radiation Oncology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Jean-Philippe Pignol

  3. Allegheny Health Network, Temple University School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Campus, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Paolo Montemaggi

  4. Hylda Cohn/American Cancer Society, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Luther W. Brady

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Gebhardt, B.J., Horne, Z.D., Beriwal, S. (2017). The Future of Altered Fractionation. In: Trombetta, M., Pignol, JP., Montemaggi, P., Brady, L.W. (eds) Alternate Fractionation in Radiotherapy. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_30

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