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Pediatric Brain Tumors: Imaging of Late Effects in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors

  • Chapter
Imaging of Complications and Toxicity following Tumor Therapy

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most frequent solid tumors in childhood and adolescence. In Germany, about 400 patients are newly diagnosed with a CNS tumor each year. Thanks to continuously optimized diagnostics, supportive care regimens, and multicentric, multimodal treatment concepts, their overall survival (OS) has increased from below 50 % up to 70 % over the last decades. Both tumor and treatment, and still developing CNS structures, make survivors prone to a risk of acquiring brain function deficits that are much higher than in adulthood or other childhood cancer survivors. Hence, this specifically vulnerable group of childhood cancer survivors must deal with chronic health conditions that may have serious impact on their physical, mental, emotional, and psychosocial development as well as their activity and participation as members of the society.

Due to the heterogeneity of pediatric brain tumors and corresponding treatment concepts, not all survivors share the same risk of developing such sequelae. Neuroimaging in surveillance plays a critical role in differentiating underlying neuroanatomical processes that are responsible for the brain function deficits observed. It helps improving current treatment strategies and interventional concepts for management of late effects as well as identifying risk factors.

Based on the international literature, the following chapter reviews and discusses the current understanding, options, and limitations of pediatric neuroimaging regarding common tumor- and treatment-related late effects in pediatric brain tumor survivors.

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Abbreviations

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNS-PNET:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the CNS

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSI:

Craniospinal irradiation

CRT:

Cranial radiotherapy

CT:

Computed tomography

DSA:

Digital subtractive angiography

DTI:

Diffusion tensor

MR:

Imaging

FDG:

Fluorodeoxyglucose

FLAIR:

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

OS:

Overall survival

PET:

Positron emission tomography

RT:

Radiotherapy

SMN:

Secondary malignant neoplasm

WBRT:

Whole brain RT

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany

    G. Tallen & P. Hernáiz Driever

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail N.W., Calgary, AL, T3B 6A8, Canada

    G. Tallen

  3. Department of Neuroradiology, Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, 97080, Germany

    M. Warmuth-Metz

  4. Division of Pediatric Neurooncology (B062), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

    Stefan M. Pfister

  5. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

    Stefan M. Pfister

Authors
  1. G. Tallen
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  2. M. Warmuth-Metz
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  3. P. Hernáiz Driever
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  4. Stefan M. Pfister
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefan M. Pfister .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Hans-Ulrich Kauczor

  2. Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

    Tobias Bäuerle

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Tallen, G., Warmuth-Metz, M., Hernáiz Driever, P., Pfister, S.M. (2015). Pediatric Brain Tumors: Imaging of Late Effects in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors. In: Kauczor, HU., Bäuerle, T. (eds) Imaging of Complications and Toxicity following Tumor Therapy. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2015_1084

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2015_1084

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12840-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12841-2

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