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Ablation Therapy with Radioiodine in Adults and Children with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

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Book cover Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

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Abstract

Ablation with radioiodine is an effective and low-risk-therapy modality in adults and children with differentiated thyroid cancer. According to international guidelines, radioiodine ablation is indicated in high risk patients (pT3, pT4, each N1, each M1) as well as in the low-risk group (pT1b, pT2) if the tumor is multifocal and if lymphnode metastases and/or distant metastases are present. Only in very low-risk patients with unifocal, papillary carcinomas ≤ 1 cm without unfavourable histological characteristics, radioiodine ablation is not necessary. Today, preparation with exogenous TSH-stimulation by injection of recombinant TSH (rhTSH) can be used as an alternative to endogenous TSH-stimulation in hypothyroidism. The activities of radioiodine needed for remnant ablation depend on the radicality of surgical thyroidectomy. The prognosis of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after ablation therapy with radioiodine is generally excellent. But due to the very good prognosis, it is almost impossible to attain a sufficiently long-term follow-up for analysis of tumor specific mortality. However, it could be recently demonstrated, that a small but statistically significant reduction in the risk for developing distant metastases is related to thyroid remnant ablation by radioiodine. The biological behaviour of differentiated thyroid cancer in children is different, since 30-60 % of the patients present with tumor stages pT4 and 70–90 % with pN1 respectively. Nevertheless, treatment results are at least as good as in adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Christoph Reiners

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Kölin, Germany

    Markus Dietlein

  3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Frederik Verburg

  4. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany

    Markus Luster

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  1. THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular, Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, ENETS Center of Excellence, Bad Berka, Germany

    Richard P. Baum

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Reiners, C., Dietlein, M., Verburg, F., Luster, M. (2012). Ablation Therapy with Radioiodine in Adults and Children with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. In: Baum, R. (eds) Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2012_694

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2012_694

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-36718-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36719-2

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