Abstract
Hepatic and biliary emergencies have an important impact on the workload of an emergency unit. However, the symptoms are likely to be unspecific in the non-traumatic acute abdomen. Most patients present with right upper quadrant pain and tenderness, fever, and jaundice. Rapidly establishing the diagnosis is mandatory and, in experienced hands, the chosen imaging techniques are powerful tools by which to narrow the diagnosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acosta S, Alhadad A, Ekberg O (2009) Findings in multi-detector row CT with portal phase enhancement in patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis. Emerg Radiol 16(6):477–482
Alsaif HS, Venkatesh SK, Chan DS, Archuleta S (2011) CT Appearance of pyogenic liver abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Radiology 260:129–138
Arai K, Kawai K, Kohda W, Tatsu H, Matsui O, Nakahama T (2003) Dynamic CT of acute cholangitis: early inhomogeneous enhancement of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181(1):115–118
Bahl M, Qayyum A, Westphalen AC et al (2008) Liver steatosis: investigation of opposed-phase T1-weighted liver MR signal intensity loss and visceral fat measurement as biomarkers. Radiology 249(1):160–166
Balci NC, Sirvanci M (2002) MR imaging of infective liver lesions. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 10(1):121–135 vii
Becker CD, Mentha G, Terrier F (1998) Blunt abdominal trauma in adults: role of CT in the diagnosis and management of visceral injuries. Part 1 liver and spleen Eur Radiol 8(4):553-62
Benedetti NJ, Desser TS, Jeffrey RB (2008) Imaging of hepatic infections. Ultrasound Q 24(4):267–278
Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Grazioli L, Golfieri R, Lencioni R (2002) Benign regenerative nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome and other vascular disorders of the liver: radiologic-pathologic and clinical correlation. Radiographics 22(4):847–862
Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Vilgrain V, Vullierme MP, Marin D, Lagalla R (2005) Fibropolycystic liver disease: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics 25(3):659–670
Buckley O, OB J, Snow A et al (2007) Imaging of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Eur Radiol 17(8):2071–2078
Catalano OA, Sahani DV, Forcione DG et al (2009) Biliary infections: spectrum of imaging findings and management. Radiographics 29(7):2059–2080
Chaubal N, Dighe M, Hanchate V, Thakkar H, Deshmukh H, Rathod K (2006) Sonography in Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Ultrasound Med 25(3):373–379
Chung YE, Kim MJ, Park YN et al (2009) Varying appearances of cholangiocarcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 29(3):683–700
Cura M, Haskal Z, Lopera J (2009) Diagnostic and interventional radiology for Budd-Chiari syndrome. Radiographics 29(3):669–681
Danet IM, Semelka RC, Braga L, Armao D, Woosley JT (2003) Giant hemangioma of the liver: MR imaging characteristics in 24 patients. Magn Reson Imaging 21(2):95–101
Enomoto T, Todoroki T, Koike N, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto H (2003) Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking stage IV gallbladder cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 50(53):1255–1258
Gore RM, Shelhamer RP (2007) Biliary tract neoplasms: diagnosis and staging. Cancer Imaging 7 Spec No A:S15–23
Gupta A, Stuhlfaut JW, Fleming KW, Lucey BC, Soto JA (2004) Blunt trauma of the pancreas and biliary tract: a multimodality imaging approach to diagnosis. Radiographics 24(5):1381–1395
Guy F, Cognet F, Dranssart M, Cercueil JP, Conciatori L, Krause D (2002) Caroli’s disease: magnetic resonance imaging features. Eur Radiol 12(11):2730–2736
Han JK, Choi BI, Kim TK, Kim SW, Han MC, Yeon KM (1997) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: thin-section spiral CT findings with cholangiographic correlation. Radiographics 17(6):1475–1485
Hidajat N, Stobbe H, Griesshaber V, Felix R, Schroder RJ (2005) Imaging and radiological interventions of portal vein thrombosis. Acta Radiol 46(4):336–343
Hussain SM, JN IJ, Zondervan PE, Schalm SW, de Man RA, Krestin GP (2002) Benign versus malignant hepatic nodules: MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 22(5):1023–1036 (discussion 37-9)
Kim MJ, Cha SW, Mitchell DG, Chung JJ, Park S, Chung JB (1999) MR imaging findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 173(6):1545–1549
Korner M, Krotz MM, Degenhart C, Pfeifer KJ, Reiser MF, Linsenmaier U (2008) Current role of emergency US in patients with major trauma. Radiographics 28(1):225–242
Levy AD, Rohrmann CA Jr, Murakata LA, Lonergan GJ (2002) Caroli’s disease: radiologic spectrum with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179(4):1053–1057
Liu QY, Huang SQ, Chen JY et al (2010) Small hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombi: CT and MRI findings. Abdom Imaging 35(5):537–542
Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, Shackford SR, Malangoni MA, Champion HR (1995) Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma 38(3):323–324
Morgan DE, Lockhart ME, Canon CL, Holcombe MP, Bynon JS (2006) Polycystic liver disease: multimodality imaging for complications and transplant evaluation. Radiographics 26(6):1655–1668 (quiz)
Mortele KJ, Ros PR (2001) Cystic focal liver lesions in the adult: differential CT and MR imaging features. Radiographics 21(4):895–910
Mortele KJ, Segatto E, Ros PR (2004) The infected liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 24(4):937–955
Murakami T, Baron RL, Peterson MS (1996) Liver necrosis and regeneration after fulminant hepatitis: pathologic correlation with CT and MR findings. Radiology 198(1):239–242
Pieters PC, Miller WJ, DeMeo JH (1997) Evaluation of the portal venous system: complementary roles of invasive and noninvasive imaging strategies. Radiographics 17(4):879–895
Poletti PA, Kinkel K, Vermeulen B, Irmay F, Unger PF, Terrier F (2003) Blunt abdominal trauma: Should US be used to detect both free fluid and organ injuries? Radiology 227(1):95–103
Qian Q, Li A, King BF et al (2003) Clinical profile of autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. Hepatology 37(1):164–171
Reeder SB, Sirlin CB (2010) Quantification of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 18(3):337–357 (9)
Smith GS, Birnbaum BA, Jacobs JE (1998) Hepatic infarction secondary to arterial insufficiency in native livers: CT findings in 10 patients. Radiology 208(1):223–229
Sodhi KS, Ojili V, Sakhuja V, Khandelwal N (2008) Hepatic and inferior vena caval thrombosis: vascular complication of amebic liver abscess. J Emerg Med 34(2):155–157
Stewart BG, Gervais DA, O’Neill MJ, Boland GW, Hahn PF, Mueller PR (2008) Imaging and percutaneous treatment of secondarily infected hepatic infarctions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190(3):601–607
Tkacz JN, Anderson SA, Soto J (2009) MR imaging in gastrointestinal emergencies. Radiographics 29(6):1767–1780
Torabi M, Hosseinzadeh K, Federle MP (2008) CT of nonneoplastic hepatic vascular and perfusion disorders. Radiographics 28(7):1967–1982
Vachha B, Sun MR, Siewert B, Eisenberg RL (2011) Cystic lesions of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196(4):W355–W366
Vitellas KM, Keogan MT, Freed KS et al (2000) Radiologic manifestations of sclerosing cholangitis with emphasis on MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiographics 20(4):959–975 (quiz 1108-9, 12)
Vogl TJ, Schwarz WO, Heller M et al (2006) Staging of Klatskin tumours (hilar cholangiocarcinomas): comparison of MR cholangiography, MR imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Eur Radiol 16(10):2317–2325
Wani NA, Robbani I, Kosar T (2011) MRI of oriental cholangiohepatitis. Clin Radiol 66(2):158–163
Yeh BM, Liu PS, Soto JA, Corvera CA, Hussain HK (2009) MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract. Radiographics 29(6):1669–1688
Yoon W, Jeong YY, Kim JK et al (2005) CT in blunt liver trauma. Radiographics 25(1):87–104
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schueller, G. (2011). Liver and Bile Ducts. In: Scaglione, M., Linsenmaier, U., Schueller, G. (eds) Emergency Radiology of the Abdomen. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_466
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_466
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2512-7
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2513-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)