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Normal Growth and Puberty

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Book cover Imaging of Gynecological Disorders in Infants and Children

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

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Abstract

The appearances of the female reproductive tract during infancy, childhood and adolescence are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. During neonatal life and early infancy the development of the reproductive tract is stimulated by high levels of gonadotropins and oestrogen. During childhood, production of these hormones falls to rise again in late childhood and pubertal years. This chapter describes normal development, anatomy and diagnostic imaging appearances of the female reproductive tract in the context of the changes in hormone production that regulate development. Normal growth and bone maturation including the acquisition of bone mass is also discussed.

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Abbreviations

IVC:

Inferior vena cava

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone

DHEAS:

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate

VCUG:

Voiding cystourethrogram

DWI:

Diffusion weighted-imaging

GnRH:

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

hCG:

human chorionic gonadotropin

h:

Hours

H:

Height

W:

Width

D:

Depth

MHz:

Megahertz

ml:

Millilitre

cm:

centimetre

mm:

Millimetre

cm³:

Cubic centimetre

s:

Seconds

m:

metre

SPAIR:

Spectral Adiabatic Inversion Recovery

MFO:

Multifollicular ovary

TSE:

Turbospin Echo

T1W:

T1-weighted

T2W:

T2-weighted

AP:

Anteroposterior

US:

Ultrasound

CT:

Computed Tomography

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MR:

Magnetic Resonance

SD:

Standard deviation

LH:

Luteinising hormone

FSH:

Follicle stimulating hormone

DXA:

Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry

ADH:

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

FCR:

Fundocervical ratio

G&P:

Greulich & Pyle

IV :

Intravenous

SMS:

Skeletal maturity score

TW:

Tanner-Whitehouse

TW2:

Tanner-Whitehouse 2

TW3:

Tanner-Whitehouse 3

BMD:

Bone mineral density

g/cm²:

Grams per square centimetre

ROI:

Region of interest

BMC:

Bone mineral content

QCT:

Quantitative computed tomography

QUS:

Quantitative ultrasound

SOS:

Speed of sound

BUA:

Broadband ultrasound attenuation

dB:

Decibel

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK

    Caren J. Landes

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK

    Joanne C. Blair

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  1. Caren J. Landes
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Correspondence to Caren J. Landes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Paediatric Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom

    Gurdeep S. Mann

  2. Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom

    Joanne C. Blair

  3. Dept. Paediatric Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom

    Anne S. Garden

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Landes, C.J., Blair, J.C. (2011). Normal Growth and Puberty. In: Mann, G., Blair, J., Garden, A. (eds) Imaging of Gynecological Disorders in Infants and Children. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_309

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_309

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