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Bile Acids and Their Receptors pp 51–72Cite as

Bile Acid-Activated Receptors: A Review on FXR and Other Nuclear Receptors

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 256))

Abstract

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are involved in various biological processes including metabolism, reproduction, and development. Upon activation by their ligands, NRs bind to their specific DNA elements, exerting their biological functions by regulating their target gene expression. Bile acids are detergent-like molecules that are synthesized in the liver. They not only function as a facilitator for the digestion of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins but also serve as signaling molecules for several nuclear receptors to regulate diverse biological processes including lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism, detoxification and drug metabolism, liver regeneration, and cancer. The nuclear receptors including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and small heterodimer partner (SHP) constitute an integral part of the bile acid signaling. This chapter reviews the role of the NRs in bile acid homeostasis, highlighting the regulatory functions of the NRs in lipid and glucose metabolism in addition to bile acid metabolism.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Dong-Ju Shin & Li Wang

  2. Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA

    Li Wang

Authors
  1. Dong-Ju Shin
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  2. Li Wang
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Correspondence to Dong-Ju Shin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Perugia, School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy

    Stefano Fiorucci

  2. S.C. Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Eleonora Distrutti

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Shin, DJ., Wang, L. (2019). Bile Acid-Activated Receptors: A Review on FXR and Other Nuclear Receptors. In: Fiorucci, S., Distrutti, E. (eds) Bile Acids and Their Receptors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 256. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_236

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