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The Structure of the CGRP and Related Receptors

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Book cover Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Mechanisms

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 255))

Abstract

The canonical CGRP receptor is a complex between calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), a family B G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). A third protein, receptor component protein (RCP) is needed for coupling to Gs. CGRP can interact with other RAMP–receptor complexes, particularly the AMY1 receptor formed between the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and RAMP1. Crystal structures are available for the binding of CGRP27–37 [D31,P34,F35] to the extracellular domain (ECD) of CLR and RAMP1; these show that extreme C-terminal amide of CGRP interacts with W84 of RAMP1 but the rest of the analogue interacts with CLR. Comparison with the crystal structure of a fragment of the allied peptide adrenomedullin bound to the ECD of CLR/RAMP2 confirms the importance of the interaction of the ligand C-terminus and the RAMP in determining pharmacology specificity, although the RAMPs probably also have allosteric actions. A cryo-electron microscope structure of calcitonin bound to the full-length CTR associated with Gs gives important clues as to the structure of the complete receptor and suggests that the N-terminus of CGRP makes contact with His5.40b, high on TM5 of CLR. However, it is currently not known how the RAMPs interact with the TM bundle of any GPCR. Major challenges remain in understanding how the ECD and TM domains work together to determine ligand specificity, and how G-proteins influence this and the role of RCP. It seems likely that allosteric mechanisms are particularly important as are the dynamics of the receptors.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the BBSRC (grant number BB/M007529/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life and Health Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

    John Simms, Sarah Routledge, Romez Uddin & David Poyner

  2. Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    John Simms

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  1. John Simms
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  2. Sarah Routledge
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  3. Romez Uddin
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  4. David Poyner
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Correspondence to David Poyner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Susan D. Brain

  2. Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Pierangelo Geppetti

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Simms, J., Routledge, S., Uddin, R., Poyner, D. (2018). The Structure of the CGRP and Related Receptors. In: Brain, S., Geppetti, P. (eds) Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Mechanisms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 255. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_132

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