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Toxicokinetics of NPS: Update 2017

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New Psychoactive Substances

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 252))

Abstract

This summarizing and descriptive review article is an update on previously published reviews. It covers English-written and PubMed-listed review articles and original studies published between May 2016 and November 2017 on the toxicokinetics of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Compounds covered include stimulants and entactogens, synthetic cannabinoids, tryptamines, phenethylamine and phencyclidine-like drugs, benzodiazepines, and opioids. First, an overview and discussion is provided on selected review articles followed by an overview and discussion on selected original studies. Both sections are then concluded by an opinion on these latest developments. The present review shows that the NPS market is still highly dynamic and that studies regarding their toxicokinetics are necessary to understand risks associated with their consumption. Data collection and studies are encouraged to allow for detection of NPS in biological matrices in cases of acute intoxications or chronic consumption. Although some data are available, scientific papers dealing with the mechanistic reasons behind acute and chronic toxicity are still lacking.

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Abbreviations

25B-NBOMe:

2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine

25C-NBOMe:

2-(4-Bhloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine

25I-NBOH:

2-(((4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol

25I-NBOMe:

2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine

3-MeO-PCP:

3-Methoxyphencyclidine

3-MeO-PCPy:

3-Methoxyrolicyclidine

4-FA:

4-Fluoroamphetamine

4-methoxy-alpha-PVP:

4-Methoxy-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone

4Cl-iBF:

4-Chloroisobutyrfentanyl

4F-iBF:

4-Fluoroisobutyrfentanyl

5-APB:

5-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran

5-API:

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole

5-EAPB:

5-(2-Ethylaminopropyl)benzofuran

5-MAPB:

5-(2-Methylaminopropyl)benzofuran

5-MeO-2-Me-ALCHT:

5-Methoxy-2-methyl-N-allyl-N-cyclohexyltryptamine

5-MeO-2-Me-DALT:

5-Methoxy-2-methyl-N,N-diallyltryptamine

5-MeO-2-Me-DIPT:

5-Methoxy-2-methyl-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine

5-MeO-MIPT:

5-Methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine

5F-ADB:

Methyl (2S)-2-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate

5F-CUMYL-P7AICA:

1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide

5F-CUMYL-PINACA:

1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

5F-MN-18:

1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

7-Me-AMT:

7-Methyl-alpha-methyltryptamine

AB-PINACA:

N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

ADB-FUBINACA:

N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

AH-7921:

3,4-Dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino)cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide

alpha-PHP:

α-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone

alpha-PVP:

α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone

AM-2201:

[1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone

AMT:

α-Methyltryptamine

cis-4,4′-DMAR:

cis-4,4′-Dimethylaminorex

CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA:

1-(4-Cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide

CUMYL-4CN-BINACA:

1-(4-Cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

CUMYL-PINACA:

1-Pentyl-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

DALT:

N,N-Diallyltryptamine

FUB-PB-22:

Quinolin-8-yl 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylate

JWH-018:

(Naphthalen-1-yl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone

mCPP:

1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine

MDBD:

2-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methyledioxyphenyl)butane

MDMA:

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDMB-CHMICA:

Methyl (2S)-2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate

MDBP:

1-(3,4-Methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine

MDPPP:

3,4-Methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone

MDPV:

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

MN-18:

N-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

MT-45:

1-Myclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine

MXE:

Methoxetamine

PV8:

1-Phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)heptan-1-one

THF-F:

Tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl

U-47700:

trans-3,4-Dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide

U-50488:

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-[(1R,2R)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide

XLR-11:

[1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone

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Acknowledgement

The author would like to thank Achim Caspar for his support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany

    Markus R. Meyer

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany

    Hans H. Maurer

  2. School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    Simon D. Brandt

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Meyer, M.R. (2018). Toxicokinetics of NPS: Update 2017. In: Maurer, H., Brandt, S. (eds) New Psychoactive Substances . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 252. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_102

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