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Incretins

  • Chapter
Book cover Metabolic Control

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 233))

Abstract

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the known incretin hormones in humans, released predominantly from the enteroendocrine K and L cells within the gut. Their secretion is regulated by a complex of integrated mechanisms involving direct contact for the activation of different chemo-sensors on the brush boarder of K and L cells and several indirect neuro-immuno-hormonal loops. The biological actions of GIP and GLP-1 are fundamental determinants of islet function and blood glucose homeostasis in health and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, there is increasing recognition that GIP and GLP-1 also exert pleiotropic extra-glycaemic actions, which may represent therapeutic targets for human diseases. In this review, we summarise current knowledge of the biology of incretin hormones in health and metabolic disorders and highlight the therapeutic potential of incretin hormones in metabolic regulation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors’ work has been supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC). TW is supported by a Royal Adelaide Hospital Early Career Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia

    Tongzhi Wu, Christopher K. Rayner & Michael Horowitz

  2. Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science into Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Christopher K. Rayner & Michael Horowitz

Authors
  1. Tongzhi Wu
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  2. Christopher K. Rayner
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  3. Michael Horowitz
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Correspondence to Christopher K. Rayner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz Center Munich, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Professor and Director, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Neuherberg, Germany

    Stephan Herzig

Conflicts of Interest

Conflicts of Interest

TW has received research funding from AstraZeneca. CKR has received research funding from Merck, Eli Lilly and Novartis. MH has participated in the advisory boards and/or symposia for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca and has received honoraria for his activity.

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Wu, T., Rayner, C.K., Horowitz, M. (2015). Incretins. In: Herzig, S. (eds) Metabolic Control. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 233. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_9

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