Skip to main content

Risk Factors of Pilonidal Sinüs in Teenagers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biofilm, Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses

Part of the book series: Recent Clinical Techniques, Results, and Research in Wounds ((RCTRRW,volume 1))

Abstract

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic disease in skin which is characterized by inflammatory sac and contains hair bundles. It usually occurs in sacrococcygeal region. Pilonidal sinus is a condition often encountered among young adults. Recently, the incidence of PSD has been reported to increase in teenagers. The etiology of PSD comprises both congenial and acquired theories. Etiology of the disease is exactly unknown. But there are a lot of risk factors. Age, gender, obesity, duration of daily sitting, genetic predisposition, bathing frequency, skin color and race, body hair, deeper natal cleft, and smoking are described as the risk factors for PSD. If risk factors can be controlled, PSD may be prevented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hull TL, Wu J (2002) Pilonidal disease. Surg Clin North Am 82(6):1169–1185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Arda İS, Güney LH, Sevmiş Ş, Hiçsönmez A (2005) High body mass index as a possible risk factor for pilonidal sinus disease in adolescents. World J Surg 29(4):469–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aysan E, Ilhan M, Bektas H, Kaya EA, Sam B, Buyukpinarbasili N, Muslumanoglu M (2013) Prevalence of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus as a silent disease. Surg Today 43(11):1286–1289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bolandparvaz S, Dizaj PM, Salahi R, Paydar S, Bananzadeh M, Abbasi HR, Eshraghian A (2012) Evaluation of the risk factors of pilonidal sinus: a single center experience. Turk J Gastroenterol 23(5):535–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Harris C, Sibbald RG, Mufti A, Somayaji R (2016) Pilonidal sinus disease: 10 steps to optimize care. Adv Skin Wound Care 29(10):469–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nasr A, Sigmund HE (2011) A pediatric surgeon’s 35-year experience with pilonidal disease in a Canadian children’s hospital. Can J Surg 54(1):39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yucesan S, Dindar H, Olcay I et al (1993) Prevalence of congenital abnormalities in Turkish school children. Eur J Epidemiol 9:373–380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee SL, Talar T, Maher AA (2008) Current management of adolescent pilonidal disease. J Pediatr Surg 43(6):1124–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Arda IS (2008) Pilonidal sinus disease in children. J Pediatr Surg 43(10):1950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bütter A, Emran M, Al-Jazaeri A, Quimet A (2006) Vacuum-assisted closure for wound management in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Surg 41(5):940–942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yamout SZ, Caty MG, Lee YH, Lau ST, Escobar MA, Glick PL (2009) Early experience with the use of rhomboid excision and Limberg flap in 16 adolescents with pilonidal disease. J Pediatr Surg 44(8):1586–1590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yildiz T, Ilce Z, Kücük A (2014) Modified Limberg flap technique in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease in teenagers. J Pediatr Surg 49:1610–1613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Patel MR, Bassini L, Nashad R, Anselmo MT (1990) Barber's interdigital pilonidal sinus of the hand: a foreign body hair granuloma. J Hand Surg [Am] 15:652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Humphries AE, Duncan JE (2010 Feb) Evaluation and management of pilonidal disease. Surg Clin North Am 90(1):113–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yildiz T, Elmas B, Yucak A, Turgut HT, Ilce Z (2017) Risk factors for pilonidal sinus disease in teenagers. Indian J Pediatr 84(2):134–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fike FB, Mortellaro VE, Juang D, Ostlie DJ, St Peter SD (2011) Experience with pilonidal disease in children. J Surg Res 170(1):165–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Afşarlar ÇE, Yılmaz E, Karaman A, Karaman İ, Özgüner İF, Erdoğan D, Maden HA (2013) Treatment of adolescent pilonidal disease with a new modification to the Limberg flap: symmetrically rotated rhomboid excision and lateralization of the Limberg flap technique. J Pediatr Surg 48(8):1744–1749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sakr MF, Elserafy ME, Hamed HM, Ramadan MA, Kantoush HE, El-Torky HM (2012) Management of 634 consecutive patients with chronic pilonidal sinus: a nine-year experience of a single institute. Surg Sci 3:145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Karydakis GE (1992) Easy and successful treatment of pilonidal sinus after explanation of its causative process. ANZ J Surg 62:567–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaymakcioglu N, Yagci G, Simsek A et al (2005) Treatment of pilonidal sinus by phenol application and factors affecting the recurrence. Tech Coloproctol 9:21–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sekmenli T, Ciftci I (2015) Surgical therapy for pilonidal sinus in adolescents: a retrospective study. Med Glas (Zenica) 12(1):57–60

    Google Scholar 

  22. Özkan Z, Aksoy N, Emir S, Kanat BH, Gönen AN, Yazar FM, Çimen AR (2014) Investigation of the relationship between serum hormones and pilonidal sinus disease: a cross-sectional study. Colorectal Dis 16(4):311–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Doll D, Matevossian E, Wietelmann K et al (2009) Family history of pilonidal sinus predisposes to earlier onset of disease and a 50% long-term recurrence rate. Dis Colon Rectum 52:1610–1615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Solla JA, Rothenberger DA (1990) Cronic pilonidal disease: an assement of 150 cases. Dis Colon Rectum 33:758–761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bleich SN, Segal J, Wu Y, Wilson R, Wang Y (2013) Systematic review of community-based childhood obesity prevention studies. Pediatrics 132(1):201–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Harlak A, Mentes O, Kilic S, Coskun K, Duman K, Yilmaz F (2010) Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: analysis of previously proposed risk factors. Clinics 65(2):125–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cubukçu A, Carkman S, Gönüllü NN, Alponat A, Kayabaşi B, Eyüboğlu E (2001) Lack of evidence that obesity is a cause of pilonidal sinus disease. Eur J Surg 167(4):297–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kaplowitz PB (2008) Link between body fat and the timing of puberty. Pediatrics 121(3):208–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Akinci OF, Kurt M, Terzi A, Atak I, Subasi IE, Akbilgic O (2009) Natal cleft deeper in patients with pilonidal sinus: implications for choice of surgical procedure. Dis Colon Rectum 52(5):1000–1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Sakr M, El-Hammadi H, Moussa M, Arafa S, Rasheed M (2003) The effect of obesity on the results of Karydakis technique for the management of chronic pilonidal sinus. Int J Colorectal Dis 18:36–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Duman K, Gırgın M, Harlak A (2016) Prevalence of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease in Turkey. Asian J Surg. pii: S1015-9584(16)30035-5

    Google Scholar 

  32. Harris CL, Laforet K, Sibbald RG, Bishop R (2012) Twelve common mistakes in pilonidal sinus care. Adv Skin Wound Care 25(7):324–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kooistra HP et al (1942) Am J Surg 55:3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kasim K, Abdlhamid NM, Badwan BR, Allowbany A (2015) Is there a relation between natal cleft depth and post-operative morbidity after different methods of excision of sacro-coccygeal pilonidal sinus? Indian J Surg 77(Suppl 2):201–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Doll D, Friederichs J, Dettmann H, Boulesteix AL, Duesel W, Petersen S (2008) Time and rate of sinus formation in pilonidal sinus disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 23(4):359–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Koch D, Pratsou P, Szczecinska W, Lanigan S, Abdullah A (2015) The diverse application of laser hair removal therapy: a tertiary laser unit's experience with less common indications and a literature overview. Lasers Med Sci 30(1):453–467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Popeskou S, Christoforidis D, Ruffieux C, Demartines N (2011) Wound infection after excision and primary midline closure for pilonidal disease: risk factor analysis to improve patient selection. World J Surg 35(1):206–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Al-Khayat H, Al-Khayat H, Sadeq A, Groof A, Haider HH, Hayati H, Shamsah A, Zarka ZA, Al-Hajj H, Al-Momen A (2007) Risk factors for wound complication in pilonidal sinus procedures. J Am Coll Surg 205(3):439–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sievert H, Evers T, Matevossian E, Hoenemann C, Hoffmann S, Doll D (2013) The influence of lifestyle (smoking and body mass index) on wound healing and long-term recurrence rate in 534 primary pilonidal sinus patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 28(11):1555–1562

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Turan Yildiz M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yildiz, T., Ilce, Z. (2017). Risk Factors of Pilonidal Sinüs in Teenagers. In: Shiffman, M., Low, M. (eds) Biofilm, Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses. Recent Clinical Techniques, Results, and Research in Wounds, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/15695_2017_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/15695_2017_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03076-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03077-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics