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Polymer Crystallization II pp 127–165Cite as

Real-Time Fast Structuring of Polymers Using Synchrotron WAXD/SAXS Techniques

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Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 277))

Abstract

In industrial processes, polymer melts are often exposed to a combination of fast cooling rates, high flow fields, and high pressures. The processing conditions have an ultimate impact on the structure that develops during cooling. The final structure at the nano- and microscopic level determines the properties of the final polymer product. Small and wide angle X-ray scattering and diffraction (SAXS/WAXD) are the best techniques for investigating in-situ and real-time fast polymer structuring at a scale ranging from 0.1 to 100 nm. This contribution reviews the main quantities that can be extracted from SAXS and WAXD experiments on semicrystalline polymers and shows the most recent results on real-time investigation of polymer structuring with millisecond time resolution. Examples of structuring during fast cooling, flow in confined geometry, and uniaxial stretching are discussed. Future directions for the use of synchrotron SAXS/WAXD to study fast polymer structuring are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Giuseppe Portale

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Enrico M. Troisi & Gerrit W. M. Peters

  3. DUBBLE CRG BM26@ESRF, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France

    Wim Bras

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  1. Giuseppe Portale
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  2. Enrico M. Troisi
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  4. Wim Bras
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Portale .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli, Italy

    Finizia Auriemma

  2. Department of Chemistry and, University of Genova Department of Chemistry and, Genova, Italy

    Giovanni Carlo Alfonso

  3. Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli, Italy

    Claudio de Rosa

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Portale, G., Troisi, E.M., Peters, G.W.M., Bras, W. (2015). Real-Time Fast Structuring of Polymers Using Synchrotron WAXD/SAXS Techniques. In: Auriemma, F., Alfonso, G., de Rosa, C. (eds) Polymer Crystallization II. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 277. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2015_331

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