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Applications of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

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Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials and Applications

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 250))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on recent developments in the field of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) that bring these materials closer to the world of real applications, concentrating on their actuation properties. First, we briefly introduce different LCE materials that show actuation behavior and explain how they can be synthesized. In the second part, we focus on materials in which a shape change is triggered by a phase transition. In particular, we discuss how the chemistry of the polymeric material influences the strength and direction of the shape change. We review the efforts made to trigger the actuation event by stimuli other than temperature variation. Subsequently, we summarize preparation techniques for various sample geometries of aligned LCEs that all show actuation properties and assign them to particular applications. A short summary is given of devices that have been built in this way. In the third part, we concentrate on actuators that show deformation in an electric field without any phase transition. We start with a short introduction to ferroelectric liquid crystalline elastomers (FLCEs) and discuss molecules exhibiting these phases. Subsequently, we show how the electroclinic effect of FLCEs can be utilized to induce macroscopic deformations by an electric field.

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Abbreviations

a:

electrostriction coefficient

BCFLCE:

Bent-core ferroelectric liquid crystalline elastomer

BCLC:

Bent-core liquid crystal

c-director:

Projection of the director on the smectic layer

d 33 :

Piezoelectric constant

e :

Flexoelectric coefficient

FLC:

Ferroelectric liquid crystal

FLCE:

Ferroelectric liquid crystalline elastomer

LC:

Liquid crystal

LCE:

Liquid crystalline elastomer

NI:

Nematic–isotropic

P s :

Spontaneous polarization

R :

Radius of gyration

S :

Order parameter

sA :

Smectic-A phase

sA*:

Chiral smectic-A phase

sC :

Smectic-C phase

sC*:

Chiral smectic-C phase

Sx :

unidentified smectic phase of higher order

T :

Temperature

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    C. Ohm, M. Brehmer & R. Zentel

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Ohm, C., Brehmer, M., Zentel, R. (2012). Applications of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers. In: de Jeu, W. (eds) Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials and Applications. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 250. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2011_164

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