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Nano- and Microgels Through Addition Reactions of Functional Oligomers and Polymers

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Chemical Design of Responsive Microgels

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 234))

Abstract

Nano- and Microgels are predominantly prepared using radical polymerization techniques. This chapter reviews alternative approaches to microgel preparation based on addition reactions of functional oligomers and polymers. This allows preparation of microgels under physiological conditions and in the presence of biologically active molecules without affecting their function. This method is therefore predominantly used to synthesize microgels for biomedical applications. Different crosslinking chemistries that have been used in this context are presented and discussed with regard to reaction conditions and stability of the reaction product. Microgels that have been prepared by these techniques are divided into two groups. Natural polymers used for the preparation of microgels are described first, followed by artificial prepolymers that are suitable for the preparation of microgels. The different preparation methods as well as the resulting microgels and their properties are presented and discussed.

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Abbreviations

BBMEC:

Bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell lines

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CDI:

N,N ′-Carbonyldiimidazole

CHP:

Cholesterol-bearing PuL

CHPNG:

Cholesterol-bearing PuL nanogels

CL:

Cellulose

CS:

Chitosan

DDC:

N,N ′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DSP:

Dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)

DTBP:

Dimethyl 3, 3′-dithiobispropionimidate

DTME:

Dithio-bis-maleimidoethane

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

DVS:

Divinyl sulfone

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride

EDTADA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride

FATP:

5-Fluoroadenine arabinoside

GSH:

Glutathione

HA:

Hyaluronan

HPC:

Hydroxypropylcellulose

LCST:

Lower critical solution temperature

NAC:

N-Acetylcysteine

ODN:

Oligonucleotide

PASP:

Poly(aspartic acid)

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEG-OVS:

Poly(ethylene glycol)-octavinylsulfone

PEI:

Poly(ethylene imine)

PG:

Poly(glycidol)

PNIPAM:

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

p-NPC:

p-Nitrophenylcarbonate

PuL:

Pullulan

RAFT:

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SFM:

Scanning force microscopy

STS:

Sulfanyl thiocarbonyl sulfanyl

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TPP:

Tripolyphosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DWI e.V. and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, 52056, Aachen, Germany

    Martin Moeller & Juergen Groll

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  1. Krystyna Albrecht
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  2. Martin Moeller
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  3. Juergen Groll
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Correspondence to Juergen Groll .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstraße 8, Aachen, 52056, Germany

    Andrij Pich

  2. Inst. Physikalische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 2, Aachen, 52056, Germany

    Walter Richtering

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Albrecht, K., Moeller, M., Groll, J. (2010). Nano- and Microgels Through Addition Reactions of Functional Oligomers and Polymers. In: Pich, A., Richtering, W. (eds) Chemical Design of Responsive Microgels. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 234. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_69

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