Abstract
In this article, we outline the principles and application of several time-resolved fluorescence techniques for studying the behavior of stimuli-responsive self-assembled polymer systems. We demonstrate the high research potential of fluorescence using results of several published studies performed by the research team at the Charles University in Prague in the framework of the Marie Curie Research Training Network “Self-Organized Nanostructures of Amphiphilic Copolymers” (MRTN-CT-2003-505027). We have chosen several interesting examples of complex self-assembling systems, the behavior of which could not have been understood without the help of targeted fluorescence studies. We have chosen four different techniques, two of them relatively popular (fluorescence anisotropy and nonradiative excitation energy transfer) and two only little used in polymer science (the solvent relaxation method and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy). The last part of the article is devoted to computer simulations (Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics) aimed at the interpretation of fluorescence data.
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Abbreviations
- An:
-
Anthracene
- c.m.c.:
-
Critical micelle concentration
- DLS:
-
Dynamic light scattering
- FCS:
-
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- fwhm:
-
Full width in half-maximum
- IC:
-
Internal conversion
- ISC:
-
Intersystem crossing, intersystem conversion
- LCST:
-
Lower critical solution temperature
- LS:
-
Light scattering
- MC:
-
Monte Carlo
- MD:
-
Molecular dynamics
- M n :
-
Number-average molar mass
- M w :
-
Weight-average molar mass
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Np:
-
Naphthalene
- NRET:
-
Nonradiative excitation energy transfer
- ORB:
-
Octadecyl rhodamine B
- PAA:
-
Poly(acrylic acid)
- PE:
-
Polyelectrolyte
- PEO:
-
Poly(ethylene oxide)
- PMA:
-
Poly(methacrylic acid)
- PS:
-
Polystyrene
- PVP:
-
Poly(2-vinylpyridine)
- rhs:
-
Right hand side
- SLS:
-
Static light scattering
- SRM:
-
Solvent relaxation method
- TCSPC:
-
Time-correlated single photon counting
- TRES:
-
Time-resolved emission spectra
- TRFS:
-
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the EU support (Marie Curie MRTN-CT-2003-505027, “POLYAMPHI”), the support of the Ministry of Education, Youths and Sports of the Czech Republic (Research Plan MSM0021620857), the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (203/07/0659), the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IAA400400621, IAA401110702, and KJB401110701) and the Grant Agency of Charles University (43-257269).
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Procházka, K. et al. (2010). Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigating the Self-Organized Polyelectrolyte Systems. In: Müller, A., Borisov, O. (eds) Self Organized Nanostructures of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers I. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 241. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_56
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