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Analysis of Oxidized Functionalities in Cellulose

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Book cover Polysaccharides II

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 205))

Abstract

This review gives an overview on oxidized functionalities in celluloses, i.e., carbonyl and carboxyl groups, with regard to their chemical structure, the different ways of introduction, and their analytics. Starting from different processes introducing oxidative modifications into celluloses a survey on the chemical nature of these functionalities is given and analytical approaches towards their determination are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on recent developments which combine group-selective fluorescence labeling with multi-detector GPC analysis to provide carbonyl and carboxyl group profiles according to the CCOA and FDAM method, respectively. Examples of monitoring the oxidation state of celluloses and its changes during processing stages are given, for example bleaching, aging, dissolution or irradiation procedures.

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Abbreviations

ADAM:

9-Anthryldiazomethane

AGU:

Anhydroglucose unit

CCOA:

Carbazole-9-carboxylic acid [2-(2-aminooxy-ethoxy)ethoxy]amide

DAM-MC:

4-Diazomethyl-7-methoxycoumarine

Dansyl:

5-(Dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid

DMAc:

N,N-Dimethylacetamide

DP:

Degree of polymerization

DS:

Degree of substitution

DSCO :

Degree of substitution of carbonyl groups

DSCOOH :

Degree of substitution of carboxyl groups

ECF:

Elemental chlorine free

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FDAM:

9H-Fluoren-2-yl-diazomethane

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

HexA:

Hexenuronic acid

Lyocell:

Fiber production process based on direct dissolution of cellulose in NMMO

MALLS:

Multi-angle laser light scattering

M n :

Number average molecular weight

M w :

Weight average molecular weight

MW:

Molecular weight

MWD:

Molecular weight distribution

NMM:

N-Methylmorpholine

NMMO:

N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide

P:

Peroxide bleaching stage

PDAM:

1-Pyrenyl-diazomethane

PHK:

Prehydrolysis kraft pulp

PDI:

Polydispersity index

REG:

Reducing end group(s)

TEMPO:

2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl

TCF:

Totally chlorine free

TMP:

Thermo-mechanical pulp

TOF-SIMS:

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

TTC:

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride

Z:

Ozone bleaching stage

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Acknowledgments

The financial support of the work by the Austrian Christian Doppler Research Society, by Lenzing AG, Austria, and the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (project L188-N11), are gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to all students, co-workers and cooperation partners that were involved in the studies described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Pulp Reactivity, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,Member of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence (EPNOE), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Antje Potthast, Thomas Rosenau & Paul Kosma

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  1. Antje Potthast
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Correspondence to Paul Kosma .

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Dieter Klemm

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Potthast, A., Rosenau, T., Kosma, P. (2006). Analysis of Oxidized Functionalities in Cellulose. In: Klemm, D. (eds) Polysaccharides II. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 205. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/12_099

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