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Buckyballs

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Polyarenes II

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 350))

Abstract

Buckyballs represent a new and fascinating molecular allotropic form of carbon that has received a lot of attention by the chemical community during the last two decades. The unabating interest on this singular family of highly strained carbon spheres has allowed the establishing of the fundamental chemical reactivity of these carbon cages and, therefore, a huge variety of fullerene derivatives involving [60] and [70]fullerenes, higher fullerenes, and endohedral fullerenes have been prepared. Much less is known, however, of the chemistry of the uncommon non-IPR fullerenes which currently represent a scientific curiosity and which could pave the way to a range of new fullerenes. In this review on buckyballs we have mainly focused on the most recent and novel covalent chemistry of fullerenes involving metal catalysis and asymmetric synthesis, as well as on some of the most significant advances in supramolecular chemistry, namely H-bonded fullerene assemblies and the search for efficient concave receptors for the convex surface of fullerenes. Furthermore, we have also described the recent advances in the macromolecular chemistry of fullerenes, that is, those polymer molecules endowed with fullerenes which have been classified according to their chemical structures. This review is completed with the study of endohedral fullerenes, a new family of fullerenes in which the carbon cage of the fullerene contains a metal, molecule, or metal complex in the inner cavity. The presence of these species affords new fullerenes with completely different properties and chemical reactivity, thus opening a new avenue in which a more precise control of the photophysical and redox properties of fullerenes is possible. The use of fullerenes for organic electronics, namely in photovoltaic applications and molecular wires, complements the study and highlights the interest in these carbon allotropes for realistic practical applications. We have pointed out the so-called non-IPR fullerenes – those that do not follow the isolated pentagon rule – as the most intriguing class of fullerenes which, up to now, have only shown the tip of the huge iceberg behind the examples reported in the literature. The number of possible non-IPR carbon cages is almost infinite and the near future will show us whether they will become a reality.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    All through the article we will report binding constants as logarithms, and without an error interval, for simplicity. The reader can refer to the original publications for these data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMDEA-Nanoscience, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Juan L. Delgado, Emilio M. Pérez & Nazario Martín

  2. Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Salvatore Filippone, Ma Ángeles Herranz, Beatriz Illescas & Nazario Martín

  3. Dipartimento di Scienzie e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Francesco Giacalone

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  1. Juan L. Delgado
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  2. Salvatore Filippone
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  3. Francesco Giacalone
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  4. Ma Ángeles Herranz
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  5. Beatriz Illescas
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  7. Nazario Martín
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Correspondence to Nazario Martín .

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  1. School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

    Jay S. Siegel

  2. Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Yao-Ting Wu

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Delgado, J.L. et al. (2013). Buckyballs. In: Siegel, J., Wu, YT. (eds) Polyarenes II. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 350. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2012_414

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