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Liquid Crystals pp 193–223Cite as

Star-Shaped Mesogens – Hekates: The Most Basic Star Structure with Three Branches

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Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 318))

Abstract

The chapter introduces and defines the term star-shaped mesogens as a highly symmetric subgroup of multipodes. Hekates, the three arm stars, are in the focus of the other sections. Flexible, semi-flexible and shape-persistent mesogens can be distinguished. The chapter presents various modes of self-assembly which account for nanosegregation and space-filling. Recent examples are semi-flexible structures which fold to E-shaped conformers followed by self-organisation in columnar 2D and 3D and micellar cubic structures. Hekates are mesogens that will allow the design of complex mesomorphic and functional materials in the future.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Hekate is the name of a popular Greek goddess, also known as the goddess of the three ways and the connection of the three ways. She was represented as a triple-form figure owing to her threefold power in heaven, earth and underworld [12–15]. Since star mesogens with three arms are rather special, due to the large void space between their arms and thus should be distinguished from star mesogens with four or more arms, we suggest to introduce this more specific name “Hekates” for the star mesogens with three arms described in this section.

  2. 2.

    Note that in the original publications the interpretation of the X-ray results is not correct. Instead of a hexagonal phase the given X-ray data point to a rectangular phase with much smaller parameters compared to the molecular diameter. For the molecule with octyloxy chains the dimension of the column would be about 4.0 nm compared to a diameter of 5.2 nm for the molecule.

  3. 3.

    Tschierske, personal communication. The experimental verification is in progress.

  4. 4.

    The segregation of perfluorinated segments is generally explained by the fluorophobic effect and not by an especially attractive interaction of perfluorinated alkyl chains. The dispersion interaction between small perfluorinated molecules has been shown to be larger than the non-fluorinated alkyl chains [97]; however, they decrease and become smaller than that of the alkyl chains for longer chain lengths owing to the larger intermolecular distance of perfluorinated aliphatic building blocks (see for more details [98]). In the present case the columnar phase of the all alkyl chain derivative 38a clears at 65 °C whereas the derivative with one semi-perfluorinated arm 38b shows a transition only at 152 °C to a SmA phase and the clearing temperature at 190 °C. This is difficult to explain by only an underlying phlorophobic effect; thus dispersion forces may play an important role here too.

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  1. Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany

    Matthias Lehmann

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  1. , Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenber, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, Halle/Saale, 06120, Germany

    Carsten Tschierske

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Lehmann, M. (2011). Star-Shaped Mesogens – Hekates: The Most Basic Star Structure with Three Branches. In: Tschierske, C. (eds) Liquid Crystals. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 318. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_266

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