Abstract
The search for new and better techniques for the purification of organic compounds has made the recent emergence of fluorous chemistry in the field of organic synthesis possible. Using fluorous reagents as phase tags allows for the access of different synthetic routes, and this has been translated into a time reduction and higher simplicity compared to standard, nonfluorous procedures. The synthesis in fluorous phase of target molecules can be pursued in a parallel or combinatorial manner in order to access chemical libraries with structural and/or stereochemical diversity. The preparation of radiolabeled molecules also benefits from the advantages of fluorous synthesis. Finally, biochemical tools such as microarrays or proteomic techniques are improved by means of fluorous-tagged compounds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gladysz JA, Curran DP, Horváth IT (eds) (2004) Handbook of fluorous chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Horváth IT, Rábai J (1994) Facile catalyst separation without water: Fluorous biphase hydroformylation of olefins. Science 266:72–75
Curran DP (2001) Fluorous reverse phase silica gel. A new tool for preparative separations in synthetic organic and organofluorine chemistry. Synlett 1488–1496
Curran DP (2006) Organic synthesis with light-fluorous reagents, reactants, catalysts, and scavengers. Aldrichim Acta 39:3–9
Zhang W, Curran DP (2006) Synthetic applications of fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE). Tetrahedron 62:11837–11865
Zhang W (2009) Fluorous linker-facilitated chemical synthesis. Chem Rev 109:749–795
Curran DP (2008) Fluorous tags unstick messy chemical biology problems. Science 321:1645–1646
Fustero S, García Sancho A, Chiva G, Sanz-Cervera JF, del Pozo C, Aceña JL (2006) Fluorous (trimethylsilyl)ethanol: A new reagent for carboxylic acid tagging and protection in peptide synthesis. J Org Chem 71:3299–3302
Fustero S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Rodrigo V, Sanz-Cervera JF, Piera J, Simón-Fuentes A, del Pozo C (2008) Solution-, solid-phase, and fluorous synthesis of β,β-difluorinated cyclic quaternary α-amino acid derivatives: A comparative study. Chem Eur J 14:7019–7029
Fustero S, Rodrigo V, Sánchez-Roselló M, Mojarrad F, Vicedo A, Moscardó T, del Pozo C (2008) Solution and fluorous phase synthesis of β,β-difluorinated 1-amino-1-cyclopentane carboxylic acid derivatives. J Fluorine Chem 129:943–950
Thibaudeau S, Gouverneur V (2003) Sequential cross-metathesis/electrophilic fluorodesilylation: A novel entry to functionalized allylic fluorides. Org Lett 5:4891–4893
Boldon S, Moore JE, Gouverneur V (2008) Fluorous synthesis of allylic fluorides: C-F bond formation as the detagging process. Chem Commun 3622–3624
Boldon S, Moore JE, Gouverneur V (2009) Oxidative detagging of fluorous organosilanes. J Fluorine Chem 130:1151–1156
Nielsen SD, Smith G, Begtrup M, Kristensen JL (2010) Synthesis and application of a new fluorous-tagged ammonia equivalent. Chem Eur J 16:4557–4566
Nielsen SD, Smith G, Begtrup M, Kristensen JL (2010) Amination of aryl iodides using a fluorous-tagged ammonia equivalent. Eur J Org Chem 3704–3710
Schreiber SL (2000) Target-oriented and diversity-oriented organic synthesis in drug discovery. Science 287:1964–1969
Spandl RJ, Bender A, Spring DR (2008) Diversity-oriented synthesis; a spectrum of approaches and results. Org Biomol Chem 6:1149–1158
McAllister LA, McCormick RA, Brand S, Procter DJ (2005) A fluorous-phase Pummerer cyclative-capture strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:452–455
McAllister LA, McCormick RA, James KM, Brand S, Willetts N, Procter DJ (2007) A fluorous, Pummerer cyclative-capture strategy for the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Chem Eur J 13:1032–1046
James KM, Willetts N, Procter DJ (2008) Samarium(II)-mediated linker cleavage-cyclization in fluorous synthesis: Reactions of samarium enolates. Org Lett 10:1203–1206
Fustero S, Catalán S, Flores S, Jiménez D, del Pozo C, Aceña JL, Sanz-Cervera JF, Mérida S (2006) First fluorous synthesis of fluorinated uracils. QSAR Comb Sci 25:753–760
Sanz-Cervera JF, Blasco R, Piera J, Cynamon M, Ibáñez I, Murguía M, Fustero S (2009) Solution versus fluorous versus solid-phase synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3-azoles. Preliminary antibacterial activity studies. J Org Chem 74:8988–8996
Leach SG, Cordier CJ, Morton D, McKiernan GJ, Warriner S, Nelson A (2008) A fluorous-tagged linker from which small molecules are released by ring-closing metathesis. J Org Chem 73:2753–2759
Cordier C, Morton D, Leach S, Woodhall T, O’Leary-Steele C, Warriner S, Nelson A (2008) An efficient method for synthesising unsymmetrical silaketals: Substrates for ring-closing, including macrocycle-closing, metathesis. Org Biomol Chem 6:1734–1737
Morton D, Leach S, Cordier C, Warriner S, Nelson A (2009) Synthesis of natural-product-like molecules with over eighty distinct scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:104–109
O’Leary-Steele C, Cordier C, Hayes J, Warriner S, Nelson A (2009) A fluorous-tagged “safety catch” linker for preparing heterocycles by ring-closing metathesis. Org Lett 11:915–918
O’Leary-Steele C, Pedersen PJ, James T, Lanyon-Hogg T, Leach S, Hayes J, Nelson A (2010) Synthesis of small molecules with high scaffold diversity: Exploitation of metathesis cascades in combination with inter- and intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. Chem Eur J 16:9563–9571
Kadam A, Zhang Z, Zhang W (2011) Microwave-assisted fluorous multicomponent reactions - A combinatorial chemistry approach for green organic synthesis. Curr Org Synth 8:295–309
Zhou H, Zhang W, Yan B (2010) Use of cyclohexylisocyanide and methyl 2-isocyanoacetate as convertible isocyanides for microwave-assisted fluorous synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione library. J Comb Chem 12:206–214
Luo Z, Zhang Q, Oderaotoshi Y, Curran DP (2001) Fluorous mixture synthesis: A fluorous-tagging strategy for the synthesis and separation of mixtures of organic compounds. Science 291:1766–1769
Curran DP, Sui B (2009) A “shortcut” mosher ester method to assign configurations of stereocenters in nearly symmetric environments. Fluorous mixture synthesis and structure assignment of petrocortyne A. J Am Chem Soc 131:5411–5413
Sui B, Yeh EA-H, Curran DP (2010) Assignment of the structure of petrocortyne A by mixture syntheses of four candidate stereoisomers. J Org Chem 75:2942–2954
Dakas P-Y, Barluenga S, Totzke F, Zirrgiebel U, Winssinger N (2007) Modular synthesis of radicicol A and related resorcylic acid lactones, potent kinase inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:6899–6902
Jogireddy R, Dakas P-Y, Valot G, Barluenga S, Zirrgiebel U, Winssinger N (2009) Synthesis of a resorcylic acid lactone (RAL) library using fluorous-mixture synthesis and profile of its selectivity against a panel of kinases. Chem Eur J 15:11498–11506
Lu Y, Geib SJ, Damodaran K, Sui B, Zhang Z, Curran DP, Zhang W (2010) Fluorous diastereomeric mixture synthesis (FDMS) of hydantoin-fused hexahydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrroles. Chem Commun 46:7578–7580
Donovan A, Forbes J, Dorff P, Schaffer P, Babich J, Valliant JF (2006) A new strategy for preparing molecular imaging and therapy agents using fluorine-rich (fluorous) soluble supports. J Am Chem Soc 128:3536–3537
Donovan AC, Valliant JF (2008) A convenient solution-phase method for the preparation of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mibg) in high effective specific activity. Nuclear Med Biol 35:741–746
McIntee JW, Sundararajan C, Donovan AC, Kovacs MS, Capretta A, Valliant JF (2008) A convenient method for the preparation of fluorous tin derivatives for the fluorous labeling strategy. J Org Chem 73:8236–8243
Bejot R, Fowler T, Carroll L, Boldon S, Moore JE, Declerck J, Gouverneur V (2009) Fluorous synthesis of 18F-radiotracers with the [18F] fluoride ion: Nucleophilic fluorination as the detagging process. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:586–589
Carroll L, Boldon S, Bejot R, Moore JE, Declerck J, Gouverneur V (2011) The traceless Staudinger ligation for indirect 18F-radiolabelling. Org Biomol Chem 9:136–140
Duffner JL, Clemons PA, Koehler AN (2007) A pipeline for ligand discovery using small-molecule microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 11:74–82
Pohl NL (2008) Fluorous tags catching on microarrays. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:3868–3870
Ko K-S, Jaipuri FA, Pohl NL (2005) Fluorous-based carbohydrate microarrays. J Am Chem Soc 127:13162–13163
Mamidyala SK, Ko K-S, Jaipuri FA, Park G, Pohl NL (2006) Noncovalent fluorous interactions for the synthesis of carbohydrate microarrays. J Fluorine Chem 127:571–579
Jaipuri FA, Collet BYM, Pohl NL (2008) Synthesis and quantitative evaluation of glycero-D-manno-heptose binding to concanavalin A by fluorous-tag assistance. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:1707–1710
Nicholson RL, Ladlow ML, Spring DR (2007) Fluorous tagged small molecule microarrays. Chem Commun 3906–3908
Vegas AJ, Bradner JE, Tang W, McPherson OM, Greenberg EF, Koehler AN, Schreiber SL (2007) Fluorous-based small-molecule microarrays for the discovery of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:7960–7964
Brittain SM, Ficarro SB, Brock A, Peters EC (2005) Enrichment and analysis of peptides subsets using fluorous affinity tags and mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol 23:463–468
Go EP, Uritboonthai W, Apon JV, Trauger SA, Nordstrom A, O’Maille G, Brittain SM, Peters EC, Siuzdak G (2007) Selective metabolite and peptide capture/mass detection using fluorous affinity tags. J Proteome Res 6:1492–1499
Qian J, Cole RB, Cai Y (2011) Synthesis and characterization of a ‘fluorous’ (fluorinated alkyl) affinity reagent that labels primary amine groups in proteins/peptides. J Mass Spectrom 46:1–11
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank MICINN (CTQ2010-19774) of Spain and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2010/061) for their financial support. J.L.A. expresses his gratitude to MICINN for a Ramón y Cajal contract and S. C. expresses her thanks to MICINN for a Juan de la Cierva contract.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fustero, S., Aceña, J.L., Catalán, S. (2011). Synthetic and Biological Applications of Fluorous Reagents as Phase Tags. In: Horváth, I. (eds) Fluorous Chemistry. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 308. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_263
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_263
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25233-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25234-1
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)