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Photochemical Internalization: A New Tool for Gene and Oligonucleotide Delivery

  • Kristian BergEmail author
  • Maria Berstad
  • Lina Prasmickaite
  • Anette Weyergang
  • Pål K. Selbo
  • Ida Hedfors
  • Anders Høgset
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Topics in Current Chemistry book series (TOPCURRCHEM, volume 296)

Abstract

Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology for release of endocytosed macromolecules into the cytosol. The technology is based on the use of photosensitizers located in endocytic vesicles. Upon activation by light such photosensitizers induce a release of macromolecules from their compartmentalization in endocytic vesicles. PCI has been shown to increase the biological activity of a large variety of macromolecules and other molecules that do not readily penetrate the plasma membrane, including type I ribosome-inactivating proteins, immunotoxins, plasmids, adenovirus, various oligonucleotides, dendrimer-based delivery of chemotherapeutica and unconjugated chemotherapeutica such as bleomycin and doxorubicin. This review will present the basis for the PCI concept and the most recent significant developments.

Keywords

Drug delivery Gene therapy Macromolecule Peptide nucleic acid Photochemical internalization Photodynamic Photosensitizer Protein toxin siRNA 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study has been financially supported by the Norwegian Radium Hospital Research Foundation and the Norwegian Cancer Society.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Kristian Berg
    • 1
    Email author
  • Maria Berstad
    • 1
  • Lina Prasmickaite
    • 1
  • Anette Weyergang
    • 1
  • Pål K. Selbo
    • 1
  • Ida Hedfors
    • 1
  • Anders Høgset
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
  2. 2.PCI Biotech ASOsloNorway

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