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Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks: Gas Storage, Separation and Catalysis pp 175–205Cite as

Designing Metal-Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Applications

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Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 293))

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed by linking organic bridging ligands with metal-connecting points to form infinite network structures. Fine tuning the porosities of and functionalities within MOFs through judicious choices of bridging ligands and metal centers has allowed their use as efficient heterogeneous catalysts. This chapter reviews recent developments in designing porous MOFs for a variety of catalytic reactions. Following a brief introduction to MOFs and a comparison between porous MOFs and zeolites, we categorize catalytically active achiral MOFs based on the types of catalytic sites and organic transformations. The unsaturated metal-connecting points in MOFs can act as catalytic sites, so can the functional groups that are built into the framework of a porous MOF. Noble metal nanoparticles can also be entrapped inside porous MOFs for catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the channels of porous MOFs have been used as reaction hosts for photochemical and polymerization reactions. We also summarize the latest results of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis using homochiral MOFs. Three distinct strategies have been utilized to develop homochiral MOFs for catalyzing enantioselective reactions, namely the synthesis of homochiral MOFs from achiral building blocks by seeding or by statistically manipulating the crystal growth, directing achiral ligands to form homochiral MOFs in chiral environments, and incorporating chiral linker ligands with functionalized groups. The applications of homochiral MOFs in several heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic reactions are also discussed. The ability to synthesize value-added chiral molecules using homochiral MOF catalysts differentiates them from traditional zeolite catalysis, and we believe that in the future many more homochiral MOFs will be designed for catalyzing numerous asymmetric organic transformations.

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Abbreviations

BDC:

1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate acid

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

BINOL:

1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol

BPDC:

Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid

BTC:

Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate

MOFs:

Metal-organic frameworks

SBU:

Secondary building unit

TOF:

Turn over frequency

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge National Science Foundation for financial support. We also thank former coworkers Drs. Aiguo Hu, Chuan-De Wu, and Helen L. Ngo for their invaluable contributions to the research program in the Lin group.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, CB#3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Liqing Ma & Wenbin Lin

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  1. Liqing Ma
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  2. Wenbin Lin
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Correspondence to Wenbin Lin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG72RD, United Kingdom

    Martin Schröder

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Ma, L., Lin, W. (2009). Designing Metal-Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Applications. In: Schröder, M. (eds) Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks: Gas Storage, Separation and Catalysis. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 293. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2009_20

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