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On the Elaborate Network of Thioredoxins in Higher Plants

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Progress in Botany Vol. 80

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 80))

Abstract

Thioredoxins represent ubiquitous small proteins acting as redox regulators of diverse metabolic and developmental processes in almost all organisms. These proteins contain highly conserved cysteines in their redox-active sites, which enable the modification of target enzyme conformation and activity by reversible thiol-disulfide exchanges. Since their discovery in plants around 40 years ago, the number of thioredoxin family members as well as the knowledge about their distinct functions are still increasing and under investigation. Originally, the first plant thioredoxin was found in chloroplasts, while further analyses demonstrated additional cytosolic, nuclear, mitochondrial, endomembrane, and non-photosynthetic plastid locations. This chapter provides an overview on the complexity of the thioredoxin family in higher plants and discusses its role in integrating metabolism, stress responses, development, and gene expression. This will help to understand why plants harbor the most versatile thioredoxin system among all organisms.

Communicated by Ulrich Lüttge

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Abbreviations

ACHT:

Atypical cysteine/histidine-rich thioredoxin

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AGPase:

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

AMP:

Adenosine monophosphate

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

APS:

AGPase small subunit

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

ATPase:

ATP synthase

CBC:

Calvin-Benson cycle

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

CDSP:

Chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein

CHLM:

Mg-protoporphyrin methyl transferase

CxxS:

Atypical thioredoxin h with cysteine-x-x-serine active site

Cys:

Cysteine

Cyt b6f:

Cytochrome b6f complex

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FBPase:

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

FDX:

Ferredoxin

FNR:

Ferredoxin NADP+ reductase

FTR:

Ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase

FUM:

Fumarase

Gb:

Gossypium barbadense

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GGLC:

Glycine-glycine-leucine-cysteine motif

Gly:

Glycine

GRX:

Glutaredoxin

GSH:

Glutathione

HCF:

High-chlorophyll-fluorescence-mutant protein

HCGPC:

Histidine-cysteine-glycine-proline-cysteine motif

His:

Histidine

LOV:

Locus orchestrating victorin effects protein

Met:

Methionine

MSR:

Methionine sulfoxide reductase

NADP:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADP+-MDH:

NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

NPR:

Non-pathogenesis-related protein expressor

NRX:

Nucleoredoxin

NTR:

NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase

OAA:

Oxaloacetate

ox:

Oxidized

P:

Phosphate

PC:

Plastocyanin

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PGR:

Proton gradient regulation complex

Pi :

Inorganic phosphate

PPi :

Inorganic pyrophosphate

PQ:

Plastoquinon

PRK:

Phosphoribulokinase

protoMME:

Protomonomethylester

PRX:

Peroxiredoxin

PS:

Photosystem

Ps:

Pisum sativum

PsbS:

Photosystem II subunit S

qE:

Energy- or ΔpH-dependent quenching

RbcS :

Gene of the Rubisco small subunit

red:

Reduced

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Rubisco:

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

SBPase:

Sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase

SDH:

Succinate dehydrogenase

SP :

Peroxidatic cysteine residue

SR :

Resolving cysteine residue

SRX:

Sulfiredoxin

Ssb:

Single-stranded DNA binding protein

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

TDX:

Tetratricoredoxin

THL:

h-type thioredoxins in Brassica napus

TRX:

Thioredoxin

WCEVC:

Tryptophan-cysteine-glutamic acid-valine-cysteine motif

WCGPC:

Tryptophan-cysteine-glycine-proline-cysteine motif

WCRKC:

Atypical thioredoxin with tryptophan-cysteine-arginine-lysine-cysteine active site

YF:

Tyrosine-phenylalanine motif

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Biologie – Pflanzenmetabolismus, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Ina Thormählen & Peter Geigenberger

  2. Fakultät für Biologie – Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Belén Naranjo

  3. Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France

    José Abraham Trujillo-Hernandez & Jean-Philippe Reichheld

  4. Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France

    José Abraham Trujillo-Hernandez & Jean-Philippe Reichheld

  5. Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Sevilla, Spain

    Francisco Javier Cejudo

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  1. Ina Thormählen
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  2. Belén Naranjo
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  3. José Abraham Trujillo-Hernandez
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  4. Jean-Philippe Reichheld
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  5. Francisco Javier Cejudo
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  6. Peter Geigenberger
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Correspondence to Ina Thormählen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Francisco M. Cánovas

  2. Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  3. Ecophysiology of Plants, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Rainer Matyssek

  4. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan , Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

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Thormählen, I., Naranjo, B., Trujillo-Hernandez, J.A., Reichheld, JP., Cejudo, F.J., Geigenberger, P. (2018). On the Elaborate Network of Thioredoxins in Higher Plants. In: Cánovas, F., Lüttge, U., Matyssek, R., Pretzsch, H. (eds) Progress in Botany Vol. 80. Progress in Botany, vol 80. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2018_16

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