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Drought Stress and the Recovery from Xylem Embolism in Woody Plants

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Progress in Botany Vol. 79

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 79))

Abstract

Water is transported from roots to foliage through the xylem under negative pressure (=tension). Under this metastable status, water is prone to sudden phase change to water vapor (cavitation). In plants, air can also be aspirated into functioning xylem conduits through inter-conduit pit membranes, and the resulting embolism blocks water transport through the conduit and reduces plant hydraulic conductance and productivity. Xylem embolism and hydraulic failure are major factors contributing to tree mortality and forest decline under global-change-type droughts. However, some plants can tolerate even high embolism levels under drought, recovering hydraulic functionality upon partial or total rehydration via embolism repair and xylem refilling. Here, we review current evidence of embolism repair, highlighting possible physiological mechanisms and suggesting some functional and anatomical determinants making embolism reversal a feasible and successful drought resilience mechanism in some plants.

Communicated by Rainer Matyssek

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy

    Andrea Nardini & Tadeja Savi

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, Salita F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Patrizia Trifilò & Maria A. Lo Gullo

Authors
  1. Andrea Nardini
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  2. Tadeja Savi
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  3. Patrizia Trifilò
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  4. Maria A. Lo Gullo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Nardini .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Depto. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Francisco M. Cánovas

  2. Department of Biology, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  3. Ecophysiology of Plants, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München LS, Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Rainer Matyssek

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Nardini, A., Savi, T., Trifilò, P., Lo Gullo, M.A. (2017). Drought Stress and the Recovery from Xylem Embolism in Woody Plants. In: Cánovas, F., Lüttge, U., Matyssek, R. (eds) Progress in Botany Vol. 79. Progress in Botany, vol 79. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2017_11

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