Skip to main content

Selective Approaches for Solving Weak Games

  • Conference paper
Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis (ATVA 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 4218))

Abstract

Model-checking alternating-time properties has recently attracted much interest in the verification of distributed protocols. While checking the validity of a specification in alternating-time temporal logic (ATL) against an explicit model is cheap (linear in the size of the formula and the model), the problem becomes EXPTIME-hard when symbolic models are considered. Practical ATL model-checking therefore often consumes too much computation time to be tractable.

In this paper, we describe a novel approach for ATL model-checking, which constructs an explicit weak model-checking game on-the-fly. This game is then evaluated using heuristic techniques inspired by efficient evaluation algorithms for and/or-trees.

To show the feasibility of our approach, we compare its performance to the ATL model-checking system MOCHA on some practical examples. Using very limited heuristic guidance, we achieve a significant speedup on these benchmarks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allis, L.V., van der Meulen, M., van der Herik, H.J.: Proof-number search. Artificial Intelligence 66(1), 91–124 (1994)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A., Kupferman, O.: Alternating-time temporal logic. Journal of the ACM 49(5), 672–713 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A., Mang, F.Y.C., Qadeer, S., Rajamani, S.K., Tasiran, S.: Mocha: Modularity in model checking. In: Y. Vardi, M. (ed.) CAV 1998. LNCS, vol. 1427, pp. 521–525. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Andersen, H.R.: Model checking and boolean graphs. Theor. Comput. Sci. 126(1), 3–30 (1994)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Burch, J.R., Clarke, E.M., McMillan, K.L., Dill, D.L., Hwang, L.J.: Symbolic model checking: 1020 states and beyond. Information and Computation 98(2), 142–170 (1992)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Chadha, R., Kremer, S., Scedrov, A.: Analysis of multi-party contract signing. Technical Report 516, Université Libre de Bruxelles (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Clarke, E.M., Emerson, E.A.: Design and synthesis of synchronization skeletons using branching time temporal logic. In: Proc. IBM Workshop on Logics of Programs, pp. 52–71 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cleaveland, R., Steffen, B.: A linear-time model-checking algorithm for the alternation-free modal μ-calculus. In: Larsen, K.G., Skou, A. (eds.) CAV 1991. LNCS, vol. 575, pp. 48–58. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Emerson, E.A., Jutla, C.S.: Tree automata, μ-calculus and determinacy. In: Proc. FOCS, pp. 368–377 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Garay, J.A., MacKenzie, P.D.: Abuse-free multi-party contract signing. In International Symposium on Distributed Computing. In: Jayanti, P. (ed.) DISC 1999. LNCS, vol. 1693, pp. 151–165. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Hoffmann, J., Nebel, B.: The FF planning system: Fast plan generation through heuristic search. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 14, 253–302 (2001)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Holzmann, G.J.: The model checker SPIN. Software Engineering 23(5), 279–295 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Knuth, D.E., Moore, R.W.: An analysis of alpha-beta pruning. Artificial Intelligence 6(4), 293–326 (1975)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Kremer, S.: Formal Analysis of Optimistic Fair Exchange Protocols. PhD thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (December 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kremer, S., Raskin, J.-F.: A game-based verification of non-repudiation and fair exchange protocols. Journal of Computer Security 11(3), 399–430 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mahimkar, A., Shmatikov, V.: Game-based analysis of denial-of-service prevention protocols. In: IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop, pp. 287–301 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ryan, M., Schobbens, P.-Y.: Agents and roles: Refinement in alternating-time temporal logic. In: Meyer, J.-J.C., Tambe, M. (eds.) ATAL 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2333, pp. 100–114. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. van der Hoek, W., Lomuscio, A., Wooldridge, M.: On the complexity of practical ATL model checking. In: Proc. AAMAS (2006)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Helmert, M., Mattmüller, R., Schewe, S. (2006). Selective Approaches for Solving Weak Games. In: Graf, S., Zhang, W. (eds) Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis. ATVA 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4218. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11901914_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11901914_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-47237-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47238-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics