Skip to main content

Inference of Event-Recording Automata Using Timed Decision Trees

(Extended Abstract)

  • Conference paper
CONCUR 2006 – Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 4137))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

We present an algorithm for inferring a timed-automaton model of a system from information obtained by observing its external behavior. Since timed automata can not in general be determinized, we restrict our attention to systems that can be described by deterministic event-recording automata. In previous work we have presented algorithms for event-recording automata that satisfy the restriction that there is at most one transition per alphabet symbol from each state. This restriction was lifted in subsequent work by an algorithm based on the region graph.

In this paper, we extend previous work by considering the full class of event-recording automata, while still avoiding to base it on the (usually prohibitively large) region graph. Our construction deviates from previous work on inference of automata in that it first constructs a so called timed decision tree from observations of system behavior, which is thereafter folded into an automaton.

This work was supported in part by the Swedish Research Council, by the European Network of Excellence ARTIST2, and by the European Research Training Network Games.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alur, R., Dill, D.: A theory of timed automata. Theoretical Computer Science 126, 183–235 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Alur, R., Fix, L., Henzinger, T.: Event-clock automata: A determinizable class of timed automata. Theoretical Computer Science 211, 253–273 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Angluin, D.: Learning regular sets from queries and counterexamples. Information and Computation 75, 87–106 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Balcázar, J.L., Díaz, J., Gavaldá, R.: Algorithms for learning finite automata from queries: A unified view. In: Advances in Algorithms, Languages, and Complexity, pp. 53–72. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bengtsson, J., Larsen, K.G., Larsson, F., Pettersson, P., Yi, W.: UPPAAL: a tool suite for the automatic verification of real-time systems. In: Alur, R., Sontag, E.D., Henzinger, T.A. (eds.) HS 1995. LNCS, vol. 1066, pp. 232–243. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Bozga, M., Daws, C., Maler, O., Olivero, A., Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: Kronos: A model-checking tool for real-time systems. In: Hu, A.J., Vardi, M.Y. (eds.) CAV 1998. LNCS, vol. 1427, pp. 546–550. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Clarke, E., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.: Model Checking. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Corbett, J., Dwyer, M., Hatcliff, J., Laubach, S., Pasareanu, C., Roby, Zheng, H.: Bandera: Extracting finite-state models from java source code. In: Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. on Software Engineering (June 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fernandez, J.-C., Jard, C., Jéron, T., Viho, C.: An experiment in automatic generation of test suites for protocols with verification technology. Science of Computer Programming 29 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gold, E.M.: Language identification in the limit. Information and Control 10, 447–474 (1967)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Grinchtein, O., Jonsson, B., Leucker, M.: Learning of Event-Recording Automata. In: Lakhnech, Y., Yovine, S. (eds.) FORMATS 2004 and FTRTFT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3253, pp. 379–395. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Grinchtein, O., Jonsson, B., Leucker, M.: Inference of timed transition systems. ENCS 138(3), 87–99 (2005)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Groce, A., Peled, D., Yannakakis, M.: Adaptive Model Checking. In: Katoen, J.-P., Stevens, P. (eds.) TACAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2280, p. 357. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Hagerer, A., Hungar, H., Niese, O., Steffen, B.: Model Generation by Moderated Regular Extrapolation. In: Kutsche, R.-D., Weber, H. (eds.) FASE 2002. LNCS, vol. 2306, pp. 80–95. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Harel, D., Lachover, H., Naamad, A., Pnueli, A., Politi, M., Sherman, R., Shtull-Trauring, A., Trakhtenbrot, M.: STATEMATE: A working environment for the development of complex reactive systems. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering 16(4), 403–414 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Henzinger, T., Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. Information and Computation 112, 173–337 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Henzinger, T., Raskin, J.-F., Schobbens, P.-Y.: The Regular Real-Time Languages. In: Larsen, K.G., Skyum, S., Winskel, G. (eds.) ICALP 1998. LNCS, vol. 1443, pp. 580–591. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Holzmann, G.: Logic verification of ANSI-C code with SPIN. In: Havelund, K., Penix, J., Visser, W. (eds.) SPIN 2000. LNCS, vol. 1885, pp. 131–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Hungar, H., Niese, O., Steffen, B.: Domain-specific optimization in automata learning. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 315–327. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Kearns, M., Vazirani, U.: An Introduction to Computational Learning Theory. MIT Press, Cambridge (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Maler, O., Pnueli, A.: On recognizable timed languages. In: Walukiewicz, I. (ed.) FOSSACS 2004. LNCS, vol. 2987, pp. 348–362. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Rivest, R., Schapire, R.: Inference of finite automata using homing sequences. Information and Computation 103, 299–347 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Schmitt, M., Ebner, M., Grabowski, J.: Test generation with autolink and testcomposer. In: Proc. 2nd Workshop of the SDL Forum Society on SDL and MSC - SAM 2000 (June 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Springintveld, J., Vaandrager, F.: Minimizable timed automata. In: Jonsson, B., Parrow, J. (eds.) FTRTFT 1996. LNCS, vol. 1135, pp. 130–147. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wilke, T.: Specifying timed state sequences in powerful decidable logics and timed automata. In: Langmaack, H., de Roever, W.-P., Vytopil, J. (eds.) FTRTFT 1994 and ProCoS 1994. LNCS, vol. 863, pp. 694–715. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Grinchtein, O., Jonsson, B., Pettersson, P. (2006). Inference of Event-Recording Automata Using Timed Decision Trees. In: Baier, C., Hermanns, H. (eds) CONCUR 2006 – Concurrency Theory. CONCUR 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4137. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11817949_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11817949_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-37376-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-37377-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics