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Impedance-Based Assays Along the Life Span of Adherent Mammalian Cells In Vitro: From Initial Adhesion to Cell Death

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Label-Free Monitoring of Cells in vitro

Part of the book series: Bioanalytical Reviews ((BIOREV,volume 2))

Abstract

Impedance-based monitoring of adherent cells has gained increasing acceptance in many areas of biomedical research and drug discovery, as it provides a noninvasive and label-free experimental tool to continuously monitor cell behavior in response to biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. It is based on growing cells on thin-film electrodes that are deposited on the bottom of regular cell cultureware and monitoring the electrical impedance of these electrodes as a function of frequency and time. Tailored hardware, data acquisition modes, electrode designs, and assay procedures have been developed for a fully automated and time-resolved observation of various cell phenotypes and phenotypic changes disclosed in cell-matrix adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, cell migration, signal transduction, or cell death. Impedance-based cell analysis is performed under regular cell culture conditions and applied for short-term and long-term observation of cell behaviour.

This review will recapitulate the physical principles of the measurement and highlight its applications not without critical assessment of its limitations. The most prominent impedance-based assays will be explained and discussed with reference to an extended literature survey of the field.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Alternating current

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CBA:

Cell-based assays

DC:

Direct current

ECIS:

Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing

TEER:

Transendothelial/transepithelial epithelial electrical resistance

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Research Training Group 1910 “Medicinal chemistry of selective GPCR ligands” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) (grant number 222125149) as well as support by a regular DFG research grant (grant number 253182429). JS is particularly grateful for a scholarship granted by the Bavarian Gender Equality Program.

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  1. University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Judith A. Stolwijk & Joachim Wegener

  2. Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, Munich, Germany

    Joachim Wegener

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  1. Judith A. Stolwijk
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  2. Joachim Wegener
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Correspondence to Joachim Wegener .

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  1. Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Joachim Wegener

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Stolwijk, J.A., Wegener, J. (2019). Impedance-Based Assays Along the Life Span of Adherent Mammalian Cells In Vitro: From Initial Adhesion to Cell Death. In: Wegener, J. (eds) Label-Free Monitoring of Cells in vitro. Bioanalytical Reviews, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/11663_2019_7

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