Abstract
This paper presents a novel method to construct a dynamic single assignment (DSA) form of array-intensive, pointer-free C programs (or in any other procedural language). A program in DSA form does not perform any destructive update of scalars and array elements, i.e., each element is written at most once. As DSA makes the dependencies between variable references explicit, it facilitates complex analyses and optimizations of programs. Existing transformations into DSA perform a complex data flow analysis with exponential analysis time and work only for a limited set of input programs. Our method removes irregularities from the data flow by adding copy assignments to the program, and then it can use simple data flow analyses. The DSA transformation presented scales very well with growing program sizes and overcomes a number of important limitations of existing methods. We have implemented the method and it is being used in the context of memory optimization and verification of those optimizations.
Research supported by FWO Vlaanderen
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aho, A.V., Sethi, R., Ullman, J.D.: Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools. Addison-Wesley, Inc., Reading (1986)
Alias, C.: f2sare (2003), http://www.prism.uvsq.fr/users/ca/progs/f2sare.tgz
Ballance, R.A., Maccabe, A.B., Ottenstein, K.J.: The program dependence web: A representation supporting control-, and demand-driven interpretation of imperative languages. In: Proceedings of PLDI 1990, pp. 257–271 (1990)
Bu, J., Deprettere, E.: Converting sequential interative algorithms to recurrent equations for automatic design of systolic arrays. In: Proceedings of ICASSP 1988, vol. IV, pp. 2025–2028. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1988)
Catthoor, F., Wuytack, S., De Greef, E., Balasa, F., Nachtergaele, L., Vandecappelle, A.: Custom Memory Management Methodology: Exploration of Memory Organisation for Embedded Multimedia System Design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1998)
Cytron, R., Ferrante, J., Rosen, B.K., Wegman, M.N., Zadeck, F.K.: Efficiently computing static single assignment form and the control dependence graph. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 13(4), 451–490 (1991)
Feautrier, P.: Array expansion. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Supercomputing, St. Malo, France, pp. 429–441 (1988)
Genin, D., Hilfinger, P.: Silage Reference Manual, Draft 1.0. Silvar-Lisco, Leuven (1989)
Karp, R., Miller, R., Winograd, S.: The organization of computations for uniform recurrence equations. Journal of the ACM 14, 563–590 (1967)
Kienhuis, B.: Matparser: An array dataflow analysis compiler. Technical report, University of California, Berkeley (February 2000)
Knobe, K., Sarkar, V.: Array SSA form and its use in parallelization. In: Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 107–120 (1998)
Li, Z.: Array privatization for parallel execution of loops. In: ICS 1992: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Supercomputing, pp. 313–322. ACM Press, New York (1992)
Offner, C., Knobe, K.: Weak dynamic single assignment form. Technical Report HPL-2003-169, HP Labs (August 2003)
Pugh, W.: The Omega test: A fast and practical integer programming algorithm for dependence analysis. In: Proceedings of Supercomputing 1991, Albuquerque, NM (1991)
Quilleré, F., Rajopadhye, S.: Optimizing memory usage in the polyhedral model. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages 22(5), 773–815 (2000)
Quinton, P.: Automatic synthesis of systolic arrays from uniform recurrent equations. In: ISCA 1984: Proceedings of the 11th annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pp. 208–214. ACM Press, New York (1984)
Scholz, S.-B.: Single Assignment C - Functional Programming Using Imperative style. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Implementation of Functional Languages (IFL 1994), pp. 21.1–21.13 (1994)
Schrijver, A.: Theory of Integer and Linear Programming. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester (1986)
Shashidhar, K., Bruynooghe, M., Catthoor, F., Janssens, G.: An automatic verification technique for loop and data reuse transformations based on geometric modeling of programs. Journal of Universal Computer Science 9(3), 248–269 (2003)
Shashidhar, K., Bruynooghe, M., Catthoor, F., Janssens, G.: Automatic verification of source code transformations on array-intensive programs: demonstration with real-life examples. Technical Report CW 401, Department of Computer Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium (2005) (In preparation)
Shashidhar, K., Bruynooghe, M., Catthoor, F., Janssens, G.: Verification of Source Code Transformations by Program Equivalence Checking. In: Bodik, R. (ed.) CC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3443, pp. 221–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Vanbroekhoven, P., Janssens, G., Bruynooghe, M., Corporaal, H., Catthoor, F.: Advanced copy propagation for arrays. In: Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems LCTES 2003, June 2003, pp. 24–33 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vanbroekhoven, P., Janssens, G., Bruynooghe, M., Catthoor, F. (2005). Transformation to Dynamic Single Assignment Using a Simple Data Flow Analysis. In: Yi, K. (eds) Programming Languages and Systems. APLAS 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3780. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11575467_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11575467_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29735-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32247-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)