Skip to main content

Regularization of LDA for Face Recognition: A Post-processing Approach

  • Conference paper
Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures (AMFG 2005)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNIP,volume 3723))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

When applied to high-dimensional classification task such as face recognition, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) can extract two kinds of discriminant vectors, those in the null space (irregular) and those in the range space (regular) of the within-class scatter matrix. Recently, regularization techniques, which alleviate the over-fitting to the training set, have been used to further improve the recognition performance of LDA. Most current regularization techniques, however, are pre-processing approaches and can’t be used to regularize irregular discriminant vectors. This paper proposes a post-processing method, 2D-Gaussian filtering, for regularizing both regular and irregular discriminant vectors. This method can also be combined with other regularization techniques. We present two LDA methods, regularization of subspace LDA (RSLD) and regularization of complete Fisher discriminant framework (RCFD) and test them on the FERET face database. Post-processing is shown to improve the recognition accuracy in face recognition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P.J., Rosenfeld, A.: Face recognition: a literature survey. ACM Computing Surveys 35, 399–458 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Swets, D.L., Weng, J.: Using discriminant Eigenfeatures for image retrieval. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 18, 831–836 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Belhumeour, P.N., Hespanha, J.P., Kriegman, D.J.: Eigenfaces versus Fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19, 711–720 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Torkkola, K.: Linear discriminant analysis in document classification. In: Proc. IEEE ICDM Workshop Text Mining (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baeka, J., Kimb, M.: Face recognition using partial least squares components. Pattern Recognition 37, 1303–1306 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chien, J.T., Wu, C.C.: Discriminant waveletfaces and nearest feature classifiers for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 24, 1644–1649 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen, L.F., Mark Liao, H.Y., Ko, M.T., Lin, J.C., Yu, G.J.: A new LDA-based face recognition system which can solve the small sample size problem. Pattern Recognition 33, 1713–1726 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yu, H., Yang, J.: A direct LDA algorithm for high-dimensional data with application to face recognition. Pattern Recognition 34, 2067–2070 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Lu, J., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Face recognition using LDA-based algorithms. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 14, 195–200 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang, J., Zhang, D., Yang, J.Y.: A generalized K-L expansion method which can deal with Small Smaple Size and high-dimensional problems. Pattern Analysis and Applications 6, 47–54 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Cevikalp, H., Neamtu, M., Wilkes, M., Barkana, A.: Discriminative common vectors for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27, 4–13 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang, J., Yang, J.Y.: Why can LDA be performed in PCA transformed space. Pattern Recognition 36, 563–566 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yang, J., Frangi, A.F., Yang, J.Y., Zhang, D., Jin, Z.: KPCA plus LDA: a complete Kernel Fisher discriminant framework for feature extraction and recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27, 230–244 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Krishnaswamy, A.: Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition. In: Proc. Int’l Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 336–341 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bensmail, H., Celeux, G.: Regularized Gaussian discriminant analysis through eigenvalue decomposition. Journal of the American Statistics Association 91, 1743–1748 (1996)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, C., Wechsler, H.: Enhanced Fisher linear discriminant models for face recognition. In: Proc. 14th Int’l Conf. Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 1368–1372 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wang, X., Tang, X.: A unified framework for subspace face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 26, 1222–1228 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dai, D.Q., Yuen, P.C.: Regularized discriminant analysis and its application to face recognition. Pattern Recognition 36, 845–847 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, W.S., Yuen, P.C., Huang, J., Dai, D.Q.: Kernel machine-based one-parameter regularized Fisher Discriminant method for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-B 35, 659–669 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pima, I., Aladjem, M.: Regularized discriminant analysis for face recognition. Pattern Recognition 37, 1945–1948 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hoffbeck, J.P., Landgrebe, D.A.: Covariance matrix estimation and classification with limited training data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 18, 763–767 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Thomaz, C.E., Gillies, D.F., Feitosa, R.Q.: A new covariance estimate for Bayesian classifier in biometrics recognition. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 14, 214–223 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pratt, W.K.: Digital Image Processing, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Yang, J., Yang, J.Y., Zhang, D.: What’s wrong with Fisher criterion. Pattern recognition 35, 2665–2668 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Xu, Y., Yang, J.Y., Jin, Z.: Theory analysis on FSLDA and ULDA. Pattern recognition 36, 3031–3033 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Jin, Z., Yang, J.Y., Hu, Z.S., Lou, Z.: Face recognition based on the uncorrelated discriminant transform. Pattern recognition 34, 1405–1416 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Philips, P.J., Moon, H., Rizvi, S.A., Rauss, P.J.: The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 22, 1090–1104 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Zuo, W., Wang, K., Zhang, D., Yang, J. (2005). Regularization of LDA for Face Recognition: A Post-processing Approach. In: Zhao, W., Gong, S., Tang, X. (eds) Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures. AMFG 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3723. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11564386_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11564386_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29229-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32074-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics