Abstract
This paper proposes multiple regression models as a method for quantitative evaluation of the accuracy in steganalysis with respect to various moderating factors, such as parameter choice of the detector and properties of the carrier object. The case for multivariate statistical inference in steganalysis is particularly relevant: recent findings suggest that type and characteristics of carrier do matter, but the precise relations remain still opaque. In this paper we provide an exemplary comparison between two length-estimating attacks against LSB steganography. Extensions and applications for improved steganalysis are addressed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, R., Petitcolas, F.A.P.: On the Limits of Steganography. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications 16, 474–481 (1998)
Dabeer, O., Sullivan, K., Madhow, U., Chandrasekaran, S., Manjunath, B.S.: Detection of Hiding in the Least Significant Bit. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing 52, 3046–3058 (2004)
Dennis, J.E., Schnabel, R.B.: Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations. Prentice Hall, New York (1983)
Dumitrescu, S., Wu, X., Wang, Z.: Detection of LSB Steganography Via Sample Pair Analysis. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing 51, 1995–2007 (2003)
Farid, H., Johnson, M.: The Digital Forensic Image Library (DFIL). Beta version (2004)
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M.: On Estimation of Secret Message Length in LSB Steganography in Spatial Domain. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI, San Jose, CA (2004)
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., Du, R.: Reliable Detection of LSB Based Image Steganography. In: Proc. of the ACM Workshop on Multimedia and Security, pp. 27–30 (2001)
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., Hogea, D., Soukal, D.: Quantitative Steganalysis of Digital Images: Estimating the Secret Message Length. ACM Multimedia Systems Journal 9, 288–302 (2003)
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., Soukal, D.: Higher-order Statistical Steganalysis of Palette Images. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V, pp. 178–190 (2003)
Fridrich, J., Soukal, D., Goljan, M.: Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Length of Secret Message Embedded Using ±K Steganography in Spatial Domain. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII, San Jose, CA, pp. 595–606 (2005)
Ihaka, R., Gentlemen, R.: R – A Language for Data Analysis and Graphics. Journal of Computational Graphics and Statistics 5, 299–314 (1996)
Holotyak, T., Fridrich, J., Soukal, D.: Stochastic Approach to Secret Message Length Estimation in ±K Embedding Steganography. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII, San Jose, CA, pp. 673–684 (2005)
Ker, A.D.: Quantitative Evaluation of Pairs and RS Steganalysis. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI, San Jose, CA (2004)
Ker, A.D.: Improved Detection of LSB Steganography in Grayscale Images. In: Fridrich, J. (ed.) IH 2004. LNCS, vol. 3200, pp. 97–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Ker, A.D.: Resampling and the Detection of LSB Matching in Colour Bitmaps. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII, San Jose, CA, pp. 1–15 (2005)
Lindsey, J.K.: Nonlinear Models in Medical Statistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001)
Lindsey, J.K.: Nonlinear Regression and Repeated Measurements Libraries (2001), http://popgen0146uns50.unimaas.nl/~jlindsey/rcode.html
Long, J.S.: Regression Models for Categorial and Limited Dependent Variables. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1997)
Lu, P., Luo, X., Tang, Q., Shen, L.: An Improved Sample Pairs Method for Detection of LSB Embedding. In: Fridrich, J. (ed.) IH 2004. LNCS, vol. 3200, pp. 116–127. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Lyu, S., Farid, H.: Detecting Hidden Messages Using Higher-Order Statistics and Support Vector Machines. In: Petitcolas, F.A.P. (ed.) IH 2002. LNCS, vol. 2578, pp. 340–354. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Petitcolas, F.A.P., Anderson, R.J., Kuhn, M.G.: Information Hiding|A Survey. Proc. of the IEEE 87, 1062–1078 (1999)
The R Project for Statistical Computing, http://www.r-project.org/
Westfeld, A.: Space Filling Curves in Steganalysis. In: Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W. (eds.): Proc. of SPIE Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII, San Jose, CA, pp. 28–37 (2005)
Westfeld, A., Pfitzmann, A.: Attacks on Steganographic Systems. In: Pfitzmann, A. (ed.) IH 1999. LNCS, vol. 1768, pp. 61–76. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Zhang, T., Ping, X.: A New Approach to Reliable Detection of LSB Steganography in Natural Images. Signal Processing 83, 2085–2093 (2003)
Zhang, X., Wang, S., Zhang, K.: Steganography with Least Histogram Abnormality. In: Gorodetsky, V., Popyack, L.J., Skormin, V.A. (eds.) MMM-ACNS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2776, pp. 395–406. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Böhme, R. (2005). Assessment of Steganalytic Methods Using Multiple Regression Models. In: Barni, M., Herrera-Joancomartí, J., Katzenbeisser, S., Pérez-González, F. (eds) Information Hiding. IH 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3727. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11558859_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11558859_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29039-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31481-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)