Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Visualizing Knowledge and Information: An Introduction

  • Chapter
Knowledge and Information Visualization

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 3426))

Abstract

Visualization has proven to be an effective strategy for supporting users in coping with complexity in knowledge- and information-rich scenarios. Up to now, however, information visualization and knowledge visualization have been distinct research areas, which have been developed independently of each other. This book aims toward bringing both approaches together and looking for synergies, which may be used for fostering learning, instruction, and problem solving. This introductory article seeks to provide a conceptual framework and a preview of the contributions of this volume. The most important concepts referred to in this book are defined and a conceptual rationale is provided as to why visualization may be effective in fostering, processing and managing knowledge and information. The basic ideas underlying knowledge visualization and information visualization are outlined. The preview of each approach addresses its basic concept, as well as how it fits into the conceptual rationale of the book. The contributions are structured according to whether they belong to one of the following basic categories: “Background”, “Knowledge Visualization”, “Information Visualization”, and “Synergies”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alpert, S.R.: Abstraction in Concept Map and Coupled Outline Knowledge Representations. Journal of Interactive Learning Research 14(1), 31–49 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpert, S.R., Gruenenberg, K.: Concept mapping with multimedia on the web. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 9(4), 313–330 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baddeley, A.D.: Human memory. Allyn & Bacon, Boston (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellinger, G., Castro, D., Mills, A.: Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, February 7 (2004), Online available, http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm

  • Bransford, J.D.: Human cognition. Learning, understanding, and remembering. Wadsworth, Belmont (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., Cocking, R.R. (eds.): How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. National Academy Press, Washington (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruillard, E., Baron, G.-L.: Computer-Based Concept Mapping: a Review of a Cognitive Tool for Students. In: Benzie, D., Passey, D. (eds.) Proceedings of Conference on Educational Uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICEUT 2000), pp. 331–338. Publishing House of Electronics Industry (PHEI), Beijing (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, T.: The Mind Map book, 2nd edn. BBC Books, London (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cañas, A.J., Leake, D.B., Wilson, D.C.: Managing, mapping and manipulating conceptual knowledge. In: AAAI Workshop Technical Report WS-99-10: Exploring the synergies of knowledge management & case-based reasoning. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B.: Information visualization. In: Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B. (eds.) Information visualization. Using vision to think, pp. 1–34. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, D.: Guidelines for Designing Information Visualization Applications. In: Proceedings of ECUE 1999, Ericsson Conference on Usability Engineering, (1999), Available online: http://www.ida.liu.se/~davca/postscript/VizGuidelines.pdf March 16 (2005)

  • Cockburn, A., McKenzie, B.: 3D or not 3D? Evaluating the effect of the third dimension in a document management system. In: Tremaine, M. (ed.) Proceedings of CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 434–441. ACM Press, New York (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, R.: Representation, construction, externalised cognition and individual differences. Learning and Instruction 9, 343–363 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, R., Brna, P.: Supporting the use of external representations in problem solving: The need for flexible learning environments. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 6(2/3), 239–302 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Däßler, R.: Informationsvisualisierung: Stand, Kritik und Perspektiven. In: Methoden/Strategien der Visualisierung in Medien, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Trier (1999), Available online: http://fabdp.fh-potsdam.de/daessler/paper/InfoVis99.pdf March 16 (2005)

  • Däßler, R., Palm, H.: Virtuelle Informationsräume mit VRML: Informationen recherchieren und präsentieren in 3D. dpunkt-Verlag, Heidelberg (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Edvinsson, L., Malone, M.S.: Intellectual Capital. Harper Business, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, I., Melançon, G., Marshall, M.S.: Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 6, 24–43 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, M., O’Malley, C., Nichols, S., Anderson, B.: Comparison of 2D and 3D representations for visualising telecommunication usage. Behaviour & Information Technology 22, 185–201 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J.R., Hannafin, M.J., Domizi, D.P.: Resource-based learning and informal learning environments: prospects and challenges. In: Subramaniman, R. (ed.) E-learning and virtual science centers. Idea Group Publishing, Hershey (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holley, C.D., Dansereau, D.F.: The development of spatial learning strategies. In: Holley, C.D., Dansereau, D.F. (eds.) Spatial learning strategies. Techniques, applications, and related issues, pp. 3–19. Academic Press, New York (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., Wenger, E.: Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Laird, P.N.: Mental models. Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D.H.: What are cognitive tools? In: Kommers, P.A., Jonassen, D.H., Mayes, J.T. (eds.) Cognitive tools for learning. NATO ASI Series F, Computer and Systems Sciences, vol. 81, pp. 1–6. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D.H., Beissner, K., Yacci, M. (eds.): Structural knowledge. Techniques for representing, conveying, and acquiring structural knowledge. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D.H., Reeves, T.C., Hong, N., Harvey, D., Peters, K.: Concept mapping as cognitive learning and assessment tools. Journal of Interactive Learning Research 8(3/4), 289–308 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosslyn, S.M.: Image and mind. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, J.H.: The role of problem representation in physics. In: Gentner, D., Stevens, A. (eds.) Mental Models, pp. 75–98. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, J.H.: Display-based problem solving. In: Klahr, D., Kotovsky, K. (eds.) Complex information processing. The impact of Heribert Simon, pp. 319–342. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, J.H., Simon, H.A.: Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth 10.000 words. Cognitive Science 11, 65–100 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Grand, B., Soto, M.: Navigation in huge information hierarchies. Application to network management. In: Proceedings ACM Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation (NPIVM 1999), pp. 56–61. ACM Press, Kansas (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Logie, R.H.: Visuo-spatial working memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark, G., Carpenter, K., Kobsa, A.: A model of synchronous collaborative information visualization. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, pp. 373–383. IEEE, Washington (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, G., Kobsa, A., Gonzalez, V.: Do four eyes see better than two? Collaborative versus individual discovery in data visualization systems. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualization (IV 2002), pp. 249–255. IEEE, Washington (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, C.C.: The haunting question of intelligibility. In: Paper presented at the eleventh Hypertext 2001, Aarhus, Denmark, August 14-18, (2001), Online available: http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/~shipman/SpatialHypertext/SH1/marshall.pdf

  • Mayer, R.E.: Multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak, J.D., Gowin, D.B.: Learning how to learn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • O‘Donnell, A.M., Dansereau, D.F., Hall, R.H.: Knowledge maps as scaffolds for cognitive processing. Educational Psychology Review 14(1), 71–86 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paige, J.M., Simon, H.A.: Cognitive processes in solving algebra and word problems. In: Kleinmuntz, B. (ed.) Problem solving: Research, method and theory, ch. 3. Wiley, New York (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Paivio, A.: Mental representations. A dual coding approach. Oxford University, New York (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Plötzner, R., Lowe, R. (eds.): Special Issue: Dynamic visualisations and learning. Learning and Instruction 14, 235–357 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakes, G.C.: Using the internet as a tool in a resource-based learning environment. In: Educational Technology, September-October 1996, pp. 52–56 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimann, P., Chi, M.T.H.: Human expertise. In: Gilhooly, K.J. (ed.) Human and machine problem solving, pp. 161–191. Plenum, New York (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, Y., Scaife, M.: External cognition (1997), from http://www.sv.cict.fr/cotcos/pjs/TheoreticalApproaches/ExtCogandRepr/ExtCogandReppaperRogers.htm# Retrieved February 10 (2005)

  • Rumelhart, D.E., Ortony, A.: The representation of knowledge in memory. In: Anderson, R.C., Spiro, R.J., Montague, W.E. (eds.) Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge, pp. 99–133. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Safayeni, F.N., Derbentseva, A.J., Cañas, A.: A theoretical note on concepts and the need for cyclic concept maps. Journal of Research in Science Teaching (in press), Online available: http://cmap.ihmc.us/Publications/ResearchPapers/Cyclic%20Concept%20Maps.pdf February 20 (2005)

  • Scaife, M., Rogers, Y.: External cognition: how do graphical representations work? Int. J. Human-Computer Studies 45, 185–213 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnotz, W., Picard, E., Hron, A.: How do successful and unsuccessful learners use texts and graphics? Learning and Instruction 3, 181–199 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnurer, K., Stark, R., Mandl, H.: Auf dem Weg in eine neue Lehr-Lern-Kultur. Gestaltung problemorientierter Lernumgebungen. Erziehungswissenschaft und Beruf 2, 148–161 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, H., Müller, W.: Informationsvisualisierung: Methoden und Perspektiven. It - Information Technology 46(3), 135–141 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shneiderman, B.: The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. In: Proceedings IEEE Visual Languages, pp. 336–343 (1996), Available online: http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/shneiderman96eyes.html March 16, (2005)

  • Siemens, G.: Connectivism. A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology & Distance Learning 2(1), 3–10 (2005), Available online: http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Jan_05/article01.htm January 20 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweller, J., Chandler, P.: Why some material is difficult to learn. Cognition and Instruction 12(3), 185–233 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweller, J., van Merriënboer, J.J.G., Paas, F.W.C.: Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review 10, 251–296 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tergan, S.-O.: Managing knowledge with computer-based mapping tools. In: Lassner, D., Mc Naught, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the ED-Media 2003 World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunication, pp. 2514–2517. AACE, Norfolk (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ware, C.: Information Visualization: Perception for Design, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weideman, M., Kritzinger, W.: Concept Mapping - a proposed theoretical model for implementation as a knowledge repository. Working paper from the ICT in Higher Education research project. University of Western Cape - South Africa (2003), Available online: http://www.uwc.ac.za/ems/is/hicte January 20, (2005)

  • Wiegmann, D.A., Dansereau, D.F., McCagg, E.C., Rewey, K.L., Pitre, U.: Effects of knowledge map characteristics on information processing. Contemporary Educational Psychology 17, 136–155 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiss, U., Carr, D.: A Cognitive Classification Framework for 3-Dimensional Information Visualization. Research report LTU-TR–1998/4–SE, Luleå University of Technology (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiss, U., Carr, D., Jonsson, H.: Evaluating Three-Dimensional Information Visualization Designs: A Case Study of Three Designs. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, pp. 137–145. IEEE, Washington (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R.M., O´Shea, T.: Errors in children’s substraction. Cognitive Science 5, 153–177 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J.: The nature of external representations in problem solving. Cognitive Science 21(2), 179–217 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Norman, D.A.: Representations in distributed tasks. Cognitice Science 18, 87–122 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM), Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 40, 72072, Tübingen, Germany

    Tanja Keller & Sigmar-Olaf Tergan

Authors
  1. Tanja Keller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sigmar-Olaf Tergan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM), Konrad-Adenauer Str. 40, 72072, Tübingen, Germany

    Sigmar-Olaf Tergan

  2. Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM), Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 40, 72072, Tuebingen, Germany

    Tanja Keller

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keller, T., Tergan, SO. (2005). Visualizing Knowledge and Information: An Introduction. In: Tergan, SO., Keller, T. (eds) Knowledge and Information Visualization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3426. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11510154_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11510154_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-26921-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31962-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation