Abstract
The embedded systems domain represents a class of systems that have high requirements on cost efficiency as well as run-time properties such as timeliness and dependability. The research on component-based systems has produced component technologies for guaranteeing real-time properties. However, the issue of saving resources by allocating several components to real-time tasks has gained little focus. Trade-offs when allocating components to tasks are, e.g., CPU-overhead, footprint and integrity. In this paper we present a general approach for allocating components to real-time tasks, while utilizing existing real-time analysis to ensure a feasible allocation. We demonstrate that CPU-overhead and memory consumption can be reduced by as much as 48% and 32% respectively for industrially representative systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Mills, K., Gomaa, H.: Knowledge-based automation of a design method for concurrent systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 28 (2002)
Crnkovic, I.: Component-based approach for embedded systems. In: Ninth International Workshop on Component-Oriented Programming, Oslo (2004)
Bondarev, E., Muskens, J., de With, P., Chaudron, M., Lukkien, J.: Predicting real-time properties of component assemblies: a scenario-simulation approach. In: Proceedings of the 30th Euromicro conference, Rennes, France, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)
Bondarev, E., Muskens, J., de With, P., Chaudron, M.: Towards predicting realtime properties of a component assembly. In: Proceedings of the 30th Euromicro conference, Rennes, France, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)
Hou, C., Shin, K.G.: Allocation of periodic task modules with precedence and deadline constraints in distributed real-time system. IEEE Transactions on Computers 46 (1995)
Tindell, K., Burns, A., Wellings, A.: Allocating hard real-time tasks (an np-hard problem made easy). Real-Time Systems 4 (1992)
Douglas, B.P.: Doing Hard Time. 0201498375. Addison Wesly (1999)
Gomaa, H.: Designing Concurrent Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML. 0-201-65793-7. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2000)
Kodase, S., Wang, S., Shin, K.G.: Transforming structural model to runtime model of embedded software with real-time constraints. In: Proceeding of Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, pp. 170–175. IEEE, Los Alamitos (1995)
Shin, K.G., Wang, S.: An architecture for embedded software integration using reusable components. In: Proceeding of the international conference on Compilers, architectures, and synthesis for embedded systems, San Jose, California, United States, pp. 110–118. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2000)
Gai, P., Lippari, G., Natale, M.D.: Minimizing memory utilization of real-time task sets in single and multi-processor systems-on-a-chip. In: Proceedings of the Real-Time Systems Symposium, London, UK, December 2001, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2001)
Shin, K.G., Lee, I., Sang, M.: Embedded system design framework for minimizing code size and guaranteeing real-time requirements. In: Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, RTSS 2002, Austin, TX, December 2-5, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2002)
Fredriksson, J., Sandström, K., Åkerholm, M.: Optimizing resource usage in component-based real-time systems - appendix. Technical report, Technical Report, Mälardalen Real-Time Research Centre, Västerås, Sweden (2005), http://www.mrtc.mdh.se/publications/0836.pdf
Sandström, K., Fredriksson, J., Åkerholm, M.: Introducing a component technology for safety critical embedded real-time systems. In: Proceeding of CBSE7 International Symposium on Component-based Software Engi-neering, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)
Hansson, H., Åkerholm, M., Crnkovic, I., Törngren, M.: Saveccm - a component model for safety-critical real-time systems. In: Euromicro Conference, Special Session Component Models for Dependable Systems Rennes, France, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)
Arcticus: Arcticus homepage (2005), http://www.arcticus.se
van Ommering, R., van der Linden, F., Kramer, J.: The koala component model for consumer electronics software. IEEE Computer, IEEE, 78–85 (2000)
Stewart, D.B., Volpe, R.A., Khosla, P.K.: Design of dynamically reconfigurable real-time software using port-based objects. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, IEEE, 759–776 (1997)
IEC: International standard IEC 1131: Programmable controllers (1992)
Mathworks: Mathworks homepage (2005), http://www.mathworks.com
Bate, A., Burns, I.: An approach to task attribute assignment for uniprocessor systems. In: Proceedings of the 11th Euromicro Workshop on Real Time Systems, York, England, IEEE, Los Alamitos (1999)
Oh, Y., Son, S.H.: On constrained bin-packing problem. Technical report, Technical Report, CS-95-14, Univeristy of Virginia (1995)
Jansen, K.: R, O.S.: Approximation algorithms for time constrained scheduling. In: Proceeding of Workshop on Parallel Algorithms and Irregularly Structured Problems, pp. 143–157. IEEE, Los Alamitos (1995)
Monnier, Y., Beauvis, J.P., Deplanche, J.M.: A genetic algorithm for scheduling tasks in a real-time distributed system. In: Proceeding of 24th Euromicro Conference, pp. 708–714. IEEE, Los Alamitos (1998)
Montana, D., Brinn, M., Moore, S., Bidwell, G.: Genetic algorithms for complex, real-time scheduling. In: Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 2213–2218. IEEE, Los Alamitos (1998)
Cheng, S.T., K., A.A.: Allocation and scheduling of real-time periodic tasks with relative timing constraints. In: Second International Workshop on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA), IEEE, Los Alamitos (1995)
Fonseca, C.M., Flemming, P.J.: An overview of evolutionary algorithms in multiobjective optimization. Evolutionary computation 3 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fredriksson, J., Sandström, K., Åkerholm, M. (2005). Optimizing Resource Usage in Component-Based Real-Time Systems. In: Heineman, G.T., Crnkovic, I., Schmidt, H.W., Stafford, J.A., Szyperski, C., Wallnau, K. (eds) Component-Based Software Engineering. CBSE 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3489. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11424529_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11424529_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25877-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32049-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)