Abstract
Anaerobic microorganisms present in diverse ecological niches employ alternative strategies for energy conservation in the absence of oxygen which enables them to play a key role in maintaining the global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, and the breakdown of persistent compounds. Thereby they become useful tools in industrial and environmental biotechnology. Although anaerobes have been relatively neglected in comparison to their aerobic counterparts, with increasing knowledge about their diversity and metabolic potential and the development of genetic tools and process technologies to utilize them, we now see a rapid expansion of their applications in the society. This chapter summarizes some of the developments in the use of anaerobes as tools for biomass valorization, in production of energy carriers and chemicals, wastewater treatment, and the strong potential in soil remediation. The ability of several autotrophic anaerobes to reduce carbon dioxide is attracting growing attention as a means for developing a platform for conversion of waste gases to chemicals, materials, and biofuels.
The original version of this chapter was revised. In figure 2, Cellulos has been corrected to Cellulose.
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Abbreviations
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- E0 :
-
Reduction potential
- EGSB:
-
Expanded granular sludge bed
- GAP:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- 3-HPA:
-
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde
- 3-HP:
-
3-Hydroxypropionic acid
- NADH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- 1,3-PDO:
-
1,3-Propanediol
- RTCA:
-
Reductive tricarboxylic acid
- RuBP:
-
Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate
- SRB:
-
Sulfate reducing bacteria
- UASB:
-
Upflow anaerobic sludge bed
- ΔGo´:
-
Free energy change under standard conditions
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Swedish Research Council for financial support, and to Dr. Sang-Hyun Pyo for help with some of the figures.
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Hatti-Kaul, R., Mattiasson, B. (2016). Anaerobes in Industrial- and Environmental Biotechnology. In: Hatti-Kaul, R., Mamo, G., Mattiasson, B. (eds) Anaerobes in Biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 156. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2016_10
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