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Combining Passive Sampling with Toxicological Characterization of Complex Mixtures of Pollutants from the Aquatic Environment

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In vitro Environmental Toxicology - Concepts, Application and Assessment

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 157))

Abstract

The combination of polymer-based passive sampling to collect complex environmental mixtures of pollutants, the transfer of these mixtures into bioassays, and their related toxicological characterization is still in its infancy. However, this approach has considerable potential to improve environmental hazard and risk assessment for two reasons. First, the passive sampler collects a broad range of chemicals representing the fraction of compounds available for diffusion and (bio)uptake, excluding a large part of the matrix; thus, extensive sample cleanup which could discriminate certain compounds can be avoided. Second, the toxicological characterization of samples using bioassays is complementary to chemical (target) analysis within environmental monitoring because it captures all chemicals exerting the same mode of toxic action and acting jointly in mixtures, thus providing a comprehensive picture of their overall combined effects. The scientific literature describes a range of examples from the water phase where passive sampling is usually carried out in the kinetic uptake regime for most chemicals although some may already have reached equilibrium. The composition of the chemical mixture changes from the water phase to the passive sampling material because of kinetic effects and polymer/water partition coefficients which depend on the chemicals’ hydrophobicity. In contrast, only a few applications in sediment and biota have been described, but amongst these some pioneering studies have demonstrated the feasibility and potential of this combined approach. This chapter gives an overview of what has been carried out in this research area, focusing on opportunities and challenges, and points out desirable future developments with a focus on the importance of choosing a suitable combination of sampling and dosing to transfer (or re-establish) the environmental mixture into the bioassay.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    POCIS “pharmaceuticals”: OASIS HLB as sorbent; POCIS “pesticides”: triphasic adsorbent mixture of hydroxylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin and a carbonaceous sorbent dispersed on S-X3 biobeads

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany

    Annika Jahnke, Nora Haase & Beate I. Escher

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, 20099, Germany

    Gesine Witt

  3. Department Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, 56068, Germany

    Sabine Schäfer

  4. Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany

    Beate I. Escher

Authors
  1. Annika Jahnke
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  2. Gesine Witt
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  3. Sabine Schäfer
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  4. Nora Haase
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  5. Beate I. Escher
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Correspondence to Annika Jahnke .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany

    Georg Reifferscheid

  2. Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany

    Sebastian Buchinger

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Jahnke, A., Witt, G., Schäfer, S., Haase, N., Escher, B.I. (2016). Combining Passive Sampling with Toxicological Characterization of Complex Mixtures of Pollutants from the Aquatic Environment. In: Reifferscheid, G., Buchinger, S. (eds) In vitro Environmental Toxicology - Concepts, Application and Assessment. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 157. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2015_5014

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