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Electrospray Deposition of Biomolecules

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Nano/Micro Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 119))

Abstract

This chapter describes the basic physics underlying the newly emerging technique of electrospray deposition (ESD) as applied to biological macromolecules. Fabrication of protein films and microarrays are considered as the most important applications of this technology. All the major stages in the ESD process (solution electrification, formation of a cloud of charged microdroplets, transformation of microdroplets into ions and charged clusters, deposition, and neutralization) are discussed to reveal the physical processes involved, such as space charge effects, dissipation of energy upon landing and neutralization mechanisms. Fundamentals of ESD are presented together with a discussion of potential practical problems in realizing ESD through dielectric masks. Retention of structure and functional properties of protein molecules in ESD-fabricated films and microarrays is discussed in detail.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AP:

Alkaline phosphatase

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

ES:

Electrospray

ESD:

Electrospray deposition

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

ESI-MS:

MS with electrospray ionization

Hb:

Hemoglobin

HSA:

Human serum albumin

MS:

Mass spectrometry

PS:

Polystyrene

QCMB:

Quartz crystal micro-balance

STM:

Scanning tunneling microscopy

A :

Relative humidity

C p :

Heat capacity

D :

Diameter (of capillary tip, hole)

G :

Elastic (Young’s) modulus

H :

Distance, capillary – substrate

D :

Diameter (of droplets, ions, clusters)

e :

Elementary charge

F :

Faraday constant

E :

Electric field

E m :

Electrical breakdown strength

I :

Current

I c :

Current though ES capillary

I r :

Current through collimating ring

P :

Pressure (difference)

Q :

Charge

q R :

Rayleigh limiting charge

r :

Radius, distance

R :

Characteristic size of charged cloud

S :

Surface area

T :

Temperature

t :

Time

U c :

Potential on capillary

U r :

Potential on collimating ring

V :

Voltage

v :

Linear velocity

Q :

Volumetric flow rate

W e :

Impact energy

Z :

Number of charges

γ:

Surface tension

Δ:

Increment

ε:

Dielectric constant

εo :

Dielectric constant of vacuum

η:

Viscosity

θ:

Protein density

κ:

Conductivity

ρ:

3D density of charges, space charge

δ:

2D charge density on substrate

χ;:

Mobility of ions

ω:

Air density

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd. MS 4E3, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA

    Victor N. Morozov

  2. Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Acad. Sci., Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia

    Victor N. Morozov

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  1. Victor N. Morozov
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Correspondence to Victor N. Morozov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Saitama Industrial Technology Center, Kamiaoki 3-12-18, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 333-0844, Japan

    Isao Endo

  2. School of Engineering, Dept. Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    Teruyuki Nagamune

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Morozov, V.N. (2009). Electrospray Deposition of Biomolecules. In: Endo, I., Nagamune, T. (eds) Nano/Micro Biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology, vol 119. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_44

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