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Biotechnology in China I pp 33–77Cite as

Microbial Transformation of Nitriles to High-Value Acids or Amides

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Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 113))

Abstract

Biotransformation of nitriles mediated by nitrile-amide converting enzymes has attracted considerable attention and developed tremendously in the recent years in China since it offers a valuable alternative to traditional chemical reaction which requires harsh conditions. As a result, an upsurge of these promising enzymes (including nitrile hydratase, nitrilase and amidase) has been taking place. This review aims at describing these enzymes in detail. A variety of microorganisms harboring nitrile-amide converting activities have been isolated and identified in China, some of which have already applied with moderate success. Currently, a wide range of high-value compounds such as aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and heterocyclic amides and their corresponding acids were provided by these nitrile-amide degra-ding organisms. Simultaneously, with the increasing demand of chiral substances, the enantioselectivity of the nitrilase superfamily is widely investigated and exploited in China, especially the bioconversion of optically active α-substituted phenylacetamides, acids and 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide and 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid by means of the catalysts exhibiting excellent stereoselectivity. Besides their synthetic value, the nitrile-amide converting enzymes also play an important role in environmental protection. In this context, cloning of the genes and expression of these enzymes are presented. In the near future in China, an increasing number of novel nitrile-amide converting organisms will be screened and their potential in the synthesis of useful acids and amides will be further exploited.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Major Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No.2007CB714306), the Fund of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2006AA02Z241).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China

    Jing Chen, Ren-Chao Zheng, Yu-Guo Zheng & Yin-Chu Shen

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  1. Jing Chen
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  2. Ren-Chao Zheng
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  3. Yu-Guo Zheng
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  4. Yin-Chu Shen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu-Guo Zheng .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, Minhang, 200240, China, People's Republic

    Jian-Jiang Zhong

  2. Dept. Bioscience & Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China, People's Republic

    Feng-Wu Bai

  3. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China, People's Republic

    Wei Zhang

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Chen, J., Zheng, RC., Zheng, YG., Shen, YC. (2009). Microbial Transformation of Nitriles to High-Value Acids or Amides. In: Zhong, JJ., Bai, FW., Zhang, W. (eds) Biotechnology in China I. Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology, vol 113. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_25

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