Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Building Blocks

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover White Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 105))

Abstract

This contribution illustrates the versatility of fundamental approaches in industrial biotransformations. The applicability of biotechnology in organic synthesis on an industrial scale is discussed, followed by an overview of historical development and future progress. This chapter depicts three different approaches for the use of biocatalysts in production processes: non-chiral synthesis, asymmetric synthesis, and racemic and dynamic resolution. Applications for whole cells and isolated enzymes as catalysts are introduced. Finally, critical but optimistic conclusions are given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bachmann R (McKinsey & Company) (2003) Industrial biotech – new value-creation opportunities, bio-conference, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Festel G, Knöll J (2003) Marktstudie zum Einfluss der Biotechnologie auf industrielle Produktionsverfahren, Hünenberg

    Google Scholar 

  3. DSM: Industrial (white) biotechnology – an effective route to increase EU innovation and sustainable growth

    Google Scholar 

  4. Schepens H, Erickson B, Mahnke H, Vink E, van Lelyveld P, Hudson I, Huttner J, Staer K, Jenseit W, Riese J, Wolf O, Patel M, Gillespie I (2003) White biotechnology: gateway to a more sustainable future (www.europabio.org)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Liese A (2005) Adv Biochem Eng Biotech 92:197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Busch R, Hirth T, Liese A, Nordhoff S, Puls J, Pulz O, Sell D, Syldatk C, Ulber R (2006) Chem Ing Tech 78:219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Liese A (2002) Replacing chemical steps by biotransformations: Industrial applications and processing using biocatalysis. In: Drauz K, Waldmann H (eds) Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis, 2nd edn. Wiley, Weinheim, pp 1419–1460

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pohl M, Liese A (2006) Industrial processes using lyases for C-C, C-N, and C-O-bond formation. In: Patel R (ed) Biocatalysis in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. CRC, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  9. Liese A (2003) Biological principles applied to technical asymmetric catalysis. Verlag Forschungszentrum, Jülich

    Google Scholar 

  10. Liese A, Seelbach K, Wandrey C (2006) Industrial biotransformations. 2nd edn. Wiley, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  11. Breuer M, Ditrich K, Habicher T, Hauer B, Keßeler M, Stürmer R, Zelinski T (2004) Angew Chem Int E 43:788

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Schmid A, Dordick JS, Hauer B, Kiener A, Wubbolts M, Witholt B (2001) Nature 409:258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Branneby C, Carlqvist P, Magnusson A, Hult K, Brinck T, Berglund P (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125:874

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Davis C, Grate J, Gray D, Gruber J, Huisman G, Ma S, Newman L, Sheldon R (2005) (Codexis) WO04015132

    Google Scholar 

  15. Davis C, Jenne S, Krebber A, Huisman G, Newman L (2005) (Codexis) WO05017135

    Google Scholar 

  16. Davis C, Fox R, Gavrilovic V, Huisman G, Newman L (2005) (Codexis) WO05017141

    Google Scholar 

  17. Davis C (2005) (Codexis) WO05018579

    Google Scholar 

  18. Straathof AJJ, Panke S, Schmid A (2002) Curr Opin Biotechnol 13:548

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Endo T, Tamura K (Nitto Chem Ind) (1993) EP 527553

    Google Scholar 

  20. Endo T, Tamura K (1993) Chem Abstr 118:167640

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hann EC, Eisenberg A, Fager SK, Perkins NE, Gallagher FG, Cooper SM, Gavagan JE, Stieglitz B, Hennesey SM, DiCosimo R (1999) Bioorg Med Chem 7:2239

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yamada H, Ryuno K, Nagasawa T, Enomoto K, Watanabe I (1986) Agric Biol Chem 50:2859

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wong JW, Watson HA Jr, Bouressa JF, Burns MP, Cawly JJ, Doro AE, Guzek DB, Hintz MA, McCornik EL, Scully DA, Siderewicz JM, Taylor WJ, Truesdell SJ, Wax RG (2002) Org Proc Res Dev 6:477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hann EC, Sigmund AE, Hennessey SM, Gavagan JE, Short DR, Bassat AB, Chauhan S, Fallon RD, Payne MS, DiCosimo R (2002) Org Proc Res Dev 6:492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cooling FB, Fager RD, Folson PW, Gallagher FG, Gavagan JE, Hann EC, Herkes FE, Philips RJ, Sigmund A, Wagner LW, Wu W, DiCosmo R (2001) J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic 11:295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. van der Werf M, van der Tweel W, Hermans S (1992) Appl Environ Microbiol 58:2854

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sahm H, Eggeling L (2000) In: Lederberg J (ed) Encyclopedia of microbiology. Academic, San Diego, CA, p 152

    Google Scholar 

  28. Krämer R (1993) Bio Eng 5:51

    Google Scholar 

  29. Masuda M, Takamatu S, Nishimura N, Komatsubara S, Tosa T (1992) Appl Biochem Biotechnol 37:255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Okamoto K, Kino K, Ikeda M (1997) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 61:1877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Leuchtenberger W (1996) In: Rehm HJ, Reed G (eds) Biotechnology. VCH, Weinheim, p 465

    Google Scholar 

  32. Smith EL, Austen BM, Blumenthal KM, Nyc JF (1975) In: Boyer PD (ed) The enzymes, vol XI. Academic, San Diego, CA p 293

    Google Scholar 

  33. Agematu H (Nov 2001) ChiraSource, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  34. Fujii T, Narita T, Agematu H, Agata N, Isshiki K (2000) J Biochem 128:975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fujii T, Narita T, Agematu H, Agata N, Isshiki K (2000) J Biochem 128:391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kumagai H (2000) Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 69:71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bang WG, Lang S, Sahm H, Wagner F (1983) Biotech Bioeng 25:999

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Plischke H, Steinmetzer W (Amino GmbH) (1988) DE 3630878C1

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wagner F, Klein J, Bang WG, Lang S, Sahm H (1980) DE 2841642C2

    Google Scholar 

  40. Riessen S, Antranikian G (2001) Extremoph 5:399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fotheringham IG, Taylor PP, Ton JL (Monsanto Co.) (1998) US 5728555;

    Google Scholar 

  42. Fotheringham IG, Taylor PP, Ton JL (1999) Chem Abstr 128:216437

    Google Scholar 

  43. Haberland J, Hummel W, Daußmann T, Liese A (2002) Org Proc Res Dev 6:458

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Haberland J, Kriegesmann A, Wolfram E, Hummel W, Liese A (2002) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58:595

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Braun W, Calmuschi B, Haberland J, Hummel W, Liese A, Nickel T, Stelzer O, Salzer A (2004) Eur J Inorg Chem 11:2235

    Google Scholar 

  46. Patel RN, McNamee CG, Banerjee A, Howell JM, Robison RS, Szarka L (1992) Enzyme Microb Technol 14:731

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Neuberg C, Hirsch J (1921) Biochem Z 115:282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Neuberg C, Ohle H (1922) Biochem Z 127:327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Demir AS, Sesenoglu Ö, Eren E, Hosrik B, Pohl M, Janzen E, Kolter D, Feldmann R, Dünkelmann P, Müller M (2002) Adv Synth Catal 344:96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hildebrandt G, Klavehn W (Knoll A.-G. Chemische Fabriken in Ludwigshafen a. Rh.) (1932) DRP No.548 459

    Google Scholar 

  51. Demir AS, Sesenoglu Ö, Eren E, Hosrik B, Pohl M, Janzen E, Kolter D, Feldmann R, Dünkelmann P, Müller M (2002) Adv Synth Catal 344:96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kiener A (Lonza AG) (1991) EP 442430

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kiener A (1992) Chem Abstr 116:57572

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kiener A (1992) Angew Chem 104:748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kiener A (1992) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 31:774

    Google Scholar 

  56. Furuhashi K (1984) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 20:6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Furuhashi K, Shintani M, Takagi M (1986) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 23:218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Furuhashi K (1992) In: Collins A, Sheldrake GN, Crosby J (eds) Chirality in industry. Wiley, London, p 167

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gallagher S, Cammack R, Dalton H (1997) Eur J Biochem 247:635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kasai N, Tsujimura K, Unoura K, Suzuki T (1992) J Ind Microbiol 9:97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kasai N, Suzuki T, Idogaki H (Daiso Co., Japan) (1999) JP 2000287673

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kasai N, Suzuki T, Idogaki H (2000) Chem Abstr 133:293205

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kasai N, Suzuki T, Furukawa Y (1998) J Mol Catal B 4:237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kasai N, Suzuki T, Furukawa Y (Daiso Co., Japan) (1990) US 5177007

    Google Scholar 

  65. Kasai N, Suzuki T, Furukawa Y (1991) Chem Abstr 115:112848

    Google Scholar 

  66. Patel RN (2001) Biomol Eng 17:167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Patel RN (2001) Curr Opin Biotechnol 12:587

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Patel RN (2001) Adv Synth Catal 343:527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Hanson LR, Schwinden DM, Banerjee A, Brzozowski DB, Chen B-C, Patel BP, McNamee CG, Kodersha DR, Patel RN, Szarka LJ (1999) Bioorg Med Chem 7:2247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ohashi T (1990) Procedings Chiral 90, Spring innovations, Stockport, UK, p 65

    Google Scholar 

  71. Webb EC (1992) Enzyme nomenclature 1992. Academic, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  72. Tao JH, McGee K (2002) Org Proc Res Dev 6:520

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Tao JH, McGee K (2004) In: Blaser HU, Schmidt E (eds) Asymmetric catalysis on industrial scale. Wiley, Weinheim, p 323

    Google Scholar 

  74. Patel RN, McNamee CG, Banerjee A, Szarka LJ (1993) (Squibb & Sons) EP 0569998A2

    Google Scholar 

  75. Patel RN, Banerjee A, McNamee CG, Brzozowski D, Hanson RL, Szarka LJ (1993) Enz Microb Technol 15:1014

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Sit SY, Parker RA, Motoc I, Han W, Balasubramanian N, Catt JD, Brown PJ, Harte WE, Thompson MD, Wrightm JJ (1990) J Med Chem 33:2982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Thottahil JK (1998) Chiral synthesis of BMS-180542 and SQ33600; Tetrazole and phosphinic acid based HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Chiral USA 98, Chiral technology – the way ahead, San Francisco, CA, USA, 18-19 May 1998

    Google Scholar 

  78. Effenberger F (1994) Angew Chem 106:1609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Effenberger F (1994) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 33:1555

    Google Scholar 

  80. Effenberger F (1996) Enantiomer 1:359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Effenberger F(1999) Chimia 53:3

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Effenberger F (2000) In: Patel RN (ed) Stereoselective biocatalysis. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 321

    Google Scholar 

  83. Effenberger F, Forster S, Wajant H (2000) Curr Opin Biotechnol 11:532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Johnson DV, Griengl H (1997) Chim Oggi 9/10:9

    Google Scholar 

  85. Schmidt M, Griengl H (1998) In: Fessner WD (ed) Biocatalysis – from discovery to application. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 193

    Google Scholar 

  86. Johnson DV, Zabelinskaja-Mackova AA, Griengl H (2000) Curr Opin Chem Biol 4:103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Griengl H, Schwab H, Fechter M (2000) Opht Gen 18:252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Pöchlauer P, Mayrhofer H (DSM Fine Chemicals Austria) (2001) EP 1148042

    Google Scholar 

  89. Pöchlauer P, Mayrhofer H (2001) Chem Abstr 135:303603

    Google Scholar 

  90. Okuda N, Semba H, Dobashi Y (Nippon Shokubai) (2001) EP 1160235

    Google Scholar 

  91. Okuda N, Semba H, Dobashi Y (2002) Chem Abstr 136:5721

    Google Scholar 

  92. Semba H, Dobashi Y (Nippon Shokubai) (2001) EP 1160329

    Google Scholar 

  93. Semba H, Dobashi Y (2002) Chem Abstr 136:4802

    Google Scholar 

  94. Bühler H (2000) Dissertation, Universität Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hanisch C (3/2001) Clartext (Clariant): Von händigen Molekülen und ihren Spiegelbildern; http://www.clariant.de/e2wportal/de/internet.nsf/directframe/CTX_Startpage

  96. Griengl H, Klempier N, Pöchlauer P, Schmidt M, Shi NY, Zabelinskaja-Mackova AA (1998) Tetrahedron 54:14477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Chemie Linz GmbH (1997) DE 19529116

    Google Scholar 

  98. Chemie Linz GmbH (1997) Chem Abstr 126:208953

    Google Scholar 

  99. Semba H (Nippon Shokubai) (2000) EP 1016712

    Google Scholar 

  100. Semba H (2000) Chem Abstr 133:85120

    Google Scholar 

  101. Effenberger F, Wajant H, Lauble P, Förster S, Bühler H, Schwab H, Kratky C, Wagner U, Steiner E (DSM Fine Chemicals Austria) (2000) EP 969095

    Google Scholar 

  102. Effenberger F, Wajant H, Lauble P, Förster S, Bühler H, Schwab H, Kratky C, Wagner U, Steiner E (2000) Chem Abstr 132:191223

    Google Scholar 

  103. Klempier N, Griengl H, Hayn M (1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:4769

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Klempier N, Pichler U, Griengl H (1995) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 6:845

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Hasslacher M, Schall M, Hayn M, Griengl H, Kohlwein SD, Schwab H (1996) J Biol Chem 271:5884

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Schmidt M, Hervé S, Klempier N, Griengl H (1996) Tetrahedron 52:7833

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Bauer M, Griengl H, Steiner W (1999) Enz Microb Technol 24:514

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Griengl H, Hickel A, Johnson DV, Kratky C, Schmidt M, Schwab H (1997) Chem Commun, p 1933

    Google Scholar 

  109. Hasslacher M, Schall M, Schwab H, Hayn E, Kohlwein S, Griengl H (DSM Chemie Linz) (1997) WO 97/03204

    Google Scholar 

  110. Hasslacher M, Schall M, Schwab H, Hayn E, Kohlwein S, Griengl H (2000) Chem Abstr 126:196118

    Google Scholar 

  111. Semba H (Nippon Shokubai) (2000) EP 1026256

    Google Scholar 

  112. Semba H (2000) Chem Abstr 133:134248

    Google Scholar 

  113. Pöchlauer P, Schmidt M, Wirth I, Neuhofer R, Zabelinskaja-Mackova AA, Griengl H, van den Broek C, Reintjens RWEG, Wories HJ (1999) (DSM Fine Chemicals Austria) EP 927766

    Google Scholar 

  114. Pöchlauer P, Schmidt M, Wirth I, Neuhofer R, Zabelinskaja-Mackova AA, Griengl H, van den Broek C, Reintjens RWEG, Wories HJ (2000) Chem Abstr 131:72766

    Google Scholar 

  115. Mahmoudian M, Noble D, Drake CS, Middleton RF, Montgomery DS, Piercey JE, Ramlakhan D, Todd M, Dawson MJ (1997) Enz Microb Technol 20:393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Hummel W (1997) Biochem Eng 58:145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Hummel W, Riebel B (1999) US 6225099, EP 0796914A2

    Google Scholar 

  118. Rosen TC, Daußmann T, Stohrer J (2004) Spec Chem Mag 39-40

    Google Scholar 

  119. Rutjes FPJT, Schoemaker HE (1997) Tetrathedron Lett 38:677

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Okabe M, Tsuchiyama Y, Okamoto R (1993) Development of a cyclodextrin produtcion process using specific adsorbents. In: Tanaka A, Tosa T, Kobayashi T (eds) Industrial applications of immobilized biocatalysts. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 109

    Google Scholar 

  121. Tsuchiyama Y, Yamamoto K-I, Asou T, Okabe M, Yagi Y Okamoto R (1991) J Ferment Bioeng 71:407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Yang C-P, Su C-S (1989) J Chem Technol Biotechnol 46:283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Zaks A, Dodds DR (1997) Drug Discov Today 2:513

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Zmijewski MJ, Briggs BS, Thompson AR, Wright IG (1991) Tetrahedron Lett 32:1621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Mitsunobu O (1991) Synthesis, pp 1-28

    Google Scholar 

  126. Kataoka M, Shimizu K, Sakamoto K, Yamada H, Shimizu S (1995) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 43:974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Shimizu S, Kataoka M, Shimizu K, Hirakata M, Sakamoto K, Yamada H (1992) Eur J Biochem 209:383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Kasai N, Suzuki T (2002) Adv Synth Catal 345:437

    Google Scholar 

  129. Shimizu S, Kataoka M (1996) Ann NY Acad Sci 799:650

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Sakamoto K, Yamada H, Shimizu S (Fuji Chemicals Industrial Co.) (1991) EP 436730

    Google Scholar 

  131. Sakamoto K, Yamada H, Shimizu S (1991) Chem Abstr 115:27689

    Google Scholar 

  132. Topgi RS, Ng JS, Landis B, Wang P, Behling JR (1999) Bioor Med Chem 7:2221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Landis BH, Mullins PB, Mullins KE, Wang T (2002) Org Proc Res Dev 6:539

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Sakamoto K, Yamada H, Shimizu S (Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo K.K.) (1992) EP 504421

    Google Scholar 

  135. Sakamoto K, Yamada H, Shimizu S (1992) Chem Abstr 117:110119

    Google Scholar 

  136. Syldatk C, Pietzsch M (1995) In: Drauz K, Waldmann H (eds) Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis. VCH, Weinheim, p 409

    Google Scholar 

  137. May O, Nguyen PT, Arnold FH (2000) Nat Biotechnol 18:317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Matcham GW, Bowen ARS (1996) Chim Oggi 14:20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Balkenhohl F, Ditrich K, Hauer B, Ladner W (1997) J Prakt Chem 339:381

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Balkenhohl F, Hauer B, Ladner W, Pressler U (BASF AG) (1993) DE 4332738

    Google Scholar 

  141. Balkenhohl F, Hauer B, Ladner W, Pressler U (1995) Chem Abstr 122:289035

    Google Scholar 

  142. Ditrich K, Balkenhohl F, Ladner W (BASF AG) (1995) DE 19534208

    Google Scholar 

  143. Ditrich K, Balkenhohl F, Ladner W (1997) Chem Abstr 126:277259

    Google Scholar 

  144. Ditrich K, Ladner W, Melder JP (BASF AG) (1999) DE 19913256

    Google Scholar 

  145. Ditrich K, Ladner W, Melder JP (2000) Chem Abstr 133:252151

    Google Scholar 

  146. Riechers H, Simon J, Höhn A, Kramer A, Funke F, Siegel W, Nübling C (BASF AG) (1999) WO 2000047546

    Google Scholar 

  147. Riechers H, Simon J, Höhn A, Kramer A, Funke F, Siegel W, Nübling C (2000) Chem Abstr 133:163769

    Google Scholar 

  148. Riechers H, Simon J, Höhn A, Kramer A, Funke F, Siegel W, Nübling C (BASF AG) (1999) US 6049007

    Google Scholar 

  149. Riechers H, Simon J, Höhn A, Kramer A, Funke F, Siegel W, Nübling C (2000) Chem Abstr 132:236800

    Google Scholar 

  150. Riechers H, Simon J, Höhn A, Kramer A, Funke F, Siegel W, Nübling C (BASF AG) (1998) DE 19852282

    Google Scholar 

  151. Riechers H, Simon J, Höhn A, Kramer A, Funke F, Siegel W, Nübling C (2000) Chem Abstr 132:308056

    Google Scholar 

  152. Ditrich K (BASF AG) (1996) DE 19606124

    Google Scholar 

  153. Ditrich K (1997) Chem Abstr 127:234169

    Google Scholar 

  154. Ditrich K, Block U (BASF AG) (1999) WO 2000046177

    Google Scholar 

  155. Ditrich K, Block U (2000) Chem Abstr 133:165414

    Google Scholar 

  156. Taylor S (2000) In: Patel RN (ed) Stereoselective biocatalysis. Marcel Decker, New York, p 397

    Google Scholar 

  157. McCague R, Taylor SJC (1997) Dynamic resolution of an oxazolinone by lipase biocatalysis: Synthesis of (S)-tert-leucine. In: Collins AN, Sheldrake GN, Crosby J (eds) Chirality in industry II. Wiley, New York, p 201

    Google Scholar 

  158. Turner NJ, Winterman JR, McCague R, Taylor SJC (1995) Tetrahedron Lett 36:1113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Hirohara H, Nishizawa M (1998) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62:1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Drauz K, Eils S, Schwarm M (2002) Chimica Oggi/Chemistry Today January/February, p 15

    Google Scholar 

  161. May O, Verseck S, Bommarius A, Drauz K (2002) Org Proc Res Dev 6:452

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Lutz Hilterhaus & Andreas Liese

Authors
  1. Lutz Hilterhaus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreas Liese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Liese .

Editor information

Roland Ulber Dieter Sell

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hilterhaus, L., Liese, A. (2006). Building Blocks. In: Ulber, R., Sell, D. (eds) White Biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 105. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_033

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation