Interpretation of Experimental Results

Abstract

Experimental studies of PXR have been performed in a wide range of electron energies. As already mentioned in Sect. 1.4, PXR was first experimentally realized in 1985. Baryshevsky and coauthors [5, 44] used 900MeV electrons from the Sirius (Tomsk, former USSR) synchrotron and a diamond crystal. Later, numerous experiments with diamond and silicon crystals, investigating an angular [4, 6, 30, 43] and electron beam dependence [6] in the electron energy range 200–900 MeV, were reported by the same group. The facilities where PXR was measured after the Tomsk were synchrotron ARUS (Yerevan, former USSR) [26] and LINAC LUE-40 (Kharkov, former USSR) [1]. Since these experiments, linear accelerators have been extensively used for production of parametric X-rays, promising a less expensive and more affordable way to produce parametric X-rays. In the past decade, a number of LINAC facilities contributed to PXR research: Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, USA) [49, 50], S-DALINAC (Darmstadt, Germany) [53], SAL (Saskatchewan, Canada) [51], Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan) [75], Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan) [55], Hokkaido University (Sapporo, Japan) [16], Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, USA) [74]. The synchrotron facilities MAMI (Mainz, Germany) [40] and INS (Tokyo, Japan) [24] were utilized for PXR from ultrarelativistic electrons. The use of synchrotrons and linear accelerators allows us to cover a broad range of electron energies, from 3.5MeV [53] to 4500MeV [26]. Parametric X-rays were also measured from 70 GeV protons [14] at IHEP (Serpukhov, Russia) proton accelerator in 1991 and recently [3] at JINR (Dubna, Russia) from 5 GeV protons.