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From Coherent Modes to Turbulence and Granulation of Trapped Gases

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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Self-Trapping, and Josephson Oscillations

Part of the book series: Progress in Optical Science and Photonics ((POSP,volume 1))

Abstract

The process of exciting the gas of trapped bosons from an equilibrium initial state to strongly nonequilibrium states is described as a procedure of symmetry restoration caused by external perturbations. Initially, the trapped gas is cooled down to such low temperatures, when practically all atoms are in Bose–Einstein condensed state, which implies the broken global gauge symmetry. Excitations are realized either by imposing external alternating fields, modulating the trapping potential and shaking the cloud of trapped atoms, or it can be done by varying atomic interactions by means of Feshbach resonance techniques. Gradually increasing the amount of energy pumped into the system, which is realized either by strengthening the modulation amplitude or by increasing the excitation time, produces a series of nonequilibrium states, with the growing fraction of atoms for which the gauge symmetry is restored. In this way, the initial equilibrium system, with the broken gauge symmetry and all atoms condensed, can be excited to the state, where all atoms are in the normal state, with completely restored gauge symmetry. In this process, the system, starting from the regular superfluid state, passes through the states of vortex superfluid, turbulent superfluid, heterophase granular fluid, to the state of normal chaotic fluid in turbulent regime. Both theoretical and experimental studies are presented.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all our co-authors for collaboration. One of the authors (V.I.Y.) acknowledges financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Fisica de São Calros, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil

    V. S. Bagnato & V. I. Yukalov

  2. Bogolubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, 141980

    V. I. Yukalov

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  1. V. S. Bagnato
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Correspondence to V. I. Yukalov .

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  1. Faculty of Engineering The Iby and Aladar Fleischman, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

    Boris A. Malomed

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Bagnato, V.S., Yukalov, V.I. (2012). From Coherent Modes to Turbulence and Granulation of Trapped Gases. In: Malomed, B. (eds) Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Self-Trapping, and Josephson Oscillations. Progress in Optical Science and Photonics, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10091_2012_14

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