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Target Classification Using Adaptive Feature Extraction and Subspace Projection for Hyperspectral Imagery

  • Heesung Kwon
  • Sandor Z. Der
  • Nasser M. Nasrabadi
Chapter
Part of the Advances in Pattern Recognition book series (ACVPR)

Summary

Hyperspectral imaging sensors have been widely studied for automatic target recognition (ATR), mainly because a wealth of spectral information can be obtained through a large number of narrow contiguous spectral channels (often over a hundred). Targets are man-made objects (e.g., vehicles) whose constituent materials and internal structures are usually substantially different from natural objects (i.e., backgrounds). The basic premise of hyperspectral target classification is that the spectral signatures of target materials are measurably different than background materials, and most approaches further assume that each relevant material, characterized by its own distinctive spectral reflectance or emission, can be identified among a group of materials based on spectral analysis of the hyperspectral data.

We propose a two-class classification algorithm for hyperspectral images in which each pixel spectrum is labeled as either target or background. The algorithm is based on a mixed spectral model in which the reflectance spectrum of each pixel is assumed to be a linear mixture of constituent spectra from different material types (target and background materials). In order to address the spectral variability and diversity of the background spectra, we estimate a background subspace. The background spectral information spreads over various terrain types and is represented by the background subspace with substantially reduced dimensionality. Each pixel spectrum is then projected onto the orthogonal background subspace to remove the background spectral portion from the corresponding pixel spectrum.

The abundance of the remaining target portion within the pixel spectrum is estimated by matching a data-driven target spectral template with the background-removed spectrum. We use independent component analysis (ICA) to generate a target spectral template. ICA is used because it is well suited to capture the structure of the small targets in the hyperspectral images. For comparison purposes a mean spectral template is also generated by simply averaging the target sample spectra. Classification performance for both of the above-mentioned target extraction techniques are compared using a set of HYDICE hyperspectral images.

Keywords

Independent Component Analysis Independent Component Analysis Constant False Alarm Rate Hyperspectral Imagery Spectral Variability 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2005

Authors and Affiliations

  • Heesung Kwon
    • 1
  • Sandor Z. Der
    • 1
  • Nasser M. Nasrabadi
    • 1
  1. 1.U.S. Army Research LaboratoryATTN: AMSRL-SE-SEAdelphi

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