Skip to main content

Anismus

  • Chapter

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Preston DM and Lennard-Jones JE. Anismus in chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 1985;30:413–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wasserman IF. Puborectalis syndrome (rectal stenosis due to anorectal spasm). Dis Colon Rectum. 1964;7:87–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jones PN, Lubowski DZ, Swash M, and Henry MM. Is paradoxical contraction of puborectalis muscle of functional importance? Dis Colon Rectum. 1987;30:667–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kuijpers HC and Bleijenberg G. The spastic pelvic floor syndrome. A cause of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1985;28:669–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Drossman DA RJ, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Corazziari, and Whitehead WE, editors. The functional gastrointestinal disorders: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment: a multinational consensus. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Whitehead WE, Wald A, Diamant NE, Enck P, Pemberton JH, and Rao SS. Functional disorders of the anus and rectum. Gut. 1999;45Suppl 2:II55–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sonnenberg A and Koch TR. Epidemiology of constipation in the United States. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989;32:1–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, et al. U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:1569–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Stewart WF, Liberman JN, Sandler RS, et al. Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:3530–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wald A, Chandra R, Chiponis D, and Gabel S. Anorectal function and continence mechanisms in childhood encopresis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986;5:346–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wald A, Caruana BJ, Freimanis MG, Bauman DH, and Hinds JP. Contributions of evacuation proctography and anorectal manometry to evaluation of adults with constipation and defecatory difficulty. Dig Dis Sci. 1990;35:481–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Stewart RB, Moore MT, Marks RG, and Hale WE. Correlates of constipation in an ambulatory elderly population. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:859–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schouten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJ, et al. Anismus: fact or fiction? Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:1033–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Glia A, Lindberg G, Nilsson LH, Mihocsa L, and Akerlund JE. Clinical value of symptom assessment in patients with constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1401–8; discussion 1408–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Duthie GS and Bartolo DC. Anismus: the cause of constipation? Results of investigation and treatment. World J Surg. 1992;16:831–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Turnbull GK and Ritvo PG. Anal sphincter biofeedback relaxation treatment for women with intractable constipation symptoms. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35:530–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Keck JO, Staniunas RJ, Coller JA, et al. Biofeedback training is useful in fecal incontinence but disappointing in constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:1271–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wald A, Hinds JP, and Caruana BJ. Psychological and physiological characteristics of patients with severe idiopathic constipation. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:932–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Devroede G, Girard G, Bouchoucha M, et al. Idiopathic constipation by colonic dysfunction. Relationship with personality and anxiety. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34:1428–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Drossman DA, Talley NJ, Leserman J, Olden KW, and Barreiro MA. Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness. Review and recommendations. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:782–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Leroi AM, Bernier C, Watier A, et al. Prevalence of sexual abuse among patients with functional disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1995;10:200–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nehra V, Bruce BK, Rath-Harvey DM, Pemberton JH, and Camilleri M. Psychological disorders in patients with evacuation disorders and constipation in a tertiary practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:1755–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mason HJ, Serrano-Ikkos E, and Kamm MA. Psychological morbidity in women with idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:2852–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mason HJ, Serrano-Ikkos E, and Kamm MA. Psychological state and quality of life in patients having behavioral treatment (biofeedback) for intractable constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:3154–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Locke GR 3rd, Pemberton JH, and Phillips SF. AGA technical review on constipation. American Gastroenterological Association. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:1766–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Diamant NE, Kamm MA, Wald A, and Whitehead WE. AGA technical review on anorectal testing techniques. Gastroenterology. 1999;116:735–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Locke GR 3rd, Pemberton JH, and Phillips SF. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: guidelines on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:1761–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Martelli H, Devroede G, Arhan P, and Duguay C. Mechanisms of idiopathic constipation: outlet obstruction. Gastroenterology. 1978;75:623–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Metcalf AM, Phillips SF, Zinsmeister AR, MacCarty RL, Beart RW, and Wolff BG. Simplified assessment of segmental colonic transit. Gastroenterology. 1987;92:40–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Klauser AG, Voderholzer WA, Heinrich CA, Schindlbeck NE, and Muller-Lissner SA. Behavioral modification of colonic function. Can constipation be learned? Dig Dis Sci. 1990;35:1271–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Prokesch RW, Breitenseher MJ, Kettenbach J, et al. Assessment of chronic constipation: colon transit time versus defecography. Eur J Radiol. 1999;32:197–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ger GC, Wexner SD, Jorge JM, and Salanga VD. Anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of paradoxical puborectalis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:816–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rasmussen OO, Sorensen M, Tetzschner T, and Christiansen J. Dynamic anal manometry in the assessment of patients with obstructed defecation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:901–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tobon F, Reid NC, Talbert JL, and Schuster MM. Nonsurgical test for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease. N Engl J Med. 1968;278:188–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Borowitz SM, Sutphen J, Ling W, and Cox DJ. Lack of correlation of anorectal manometry with symptoms of chronic childhood constipation and encopresis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:400–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sutphen J, Borowitz S, Ling W, Cox DJ, and Kovatchev B. Anorectal manometric examination in encopretic-constipated children. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:1051–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Fleshman JW, Dreznik Z, Cohen E, Fry RD, and Kodner IJ. Balloon expulsion test facilitates diagnosis of pelvic floor outlet obstruction due to nonrelaxing puborectalis muscle. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35:1019–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sorensen M, Tetzschner T, Rasmussen OO, and Christiansen J. Relation between electromyography and anal manometry of the external anal sphincter. Gut. 1991;32:1031–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wexner SD, Marchetti F, Salanga VD, Corredor C, and Jagelman DG. Neurophysiologic assessment of the anal sphincters. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:606–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Fink RL, Roberts LJ, and Scott M. The role of manometry, electromyography and radiology in the assessment of intractable constipation. Aust N Z J Surg. 1992;62:959–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Pfeifer J, Teoh TA, Salanga VD, Agachan F, and Wexner SD. Comparative study between intra-anal sponge and needle electrode for electromyographic evaluation of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:1153–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mayo SW, Jensen L, Park DK, and Congilosi S. Is any puborectalis evaluation technique predictive of success with biofeedback? Proceedings of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Annual Meeting; 2001 Jun 2–7; San Diego, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Lopez A, Holmstrom B, Nilsson BY, Dolk A, Johannson C, Schultz I, Zetterstrom J, and Mellgren A. Paradoxical sphincter reaction is influenced by rectal filling volume. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:1017–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Womack NR, Williams NS, Holmfield JH, Morrison JF, and Simpkins KC. New method for the dynamic assessment of anorectal function in constipation. Br J Surg. 1985;72:994–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Karlbom U, Edebol Eeg-Olofsson K, Graf W, Nilsson S, and Pahlman L. Paradoxical puborectalis contraction is associated with impaired rectal evacuation. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1998;13:141–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Roberts JP, Womack NR, Hallan RI, Thorpe AC, and Williams NS. Evidence from dynamic integrated proctography to redefine anismus. Br J Surg. 1992;79:1213–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Jorge JM, Wexner SD, Ger GC, Salanga VD, Nogueras JJ, and Jagelman DG. Cinedefecography and electromyography in the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:668–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mahieu P, Pringot J, and Bodart P. Defecography: I. Description of a new procedure and results in normal patients. Gastrointest Radiol. 1984;9:247–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Mahieu P, Pringot J, and Bodart P. Defecography: II. Contribution to the diagnosis of defecation disorders. Gastrointest Radiol. 1984;9:253–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kuijpers HC and Strijk SP. Diagnosis of disturbances of continence and defecation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1984;27:658–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Turnbull GK, Bartram CI, and Lennard-Jones JE. Radiologic studies of rectal evacuation in adults with idiopathic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1988;31:190–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bartolo DC, Roe AM, Virjee J, Mortensen NJ, and Locke-Edmunds JC. An analysis of rectal morphology in obstructed defaecation. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1988;3:17–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kelvin FM, Maglinte DD, and Benson JT. Evacuation proctography (defecography): an aid to the investigation of pelvic floor disorders. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83:307–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Agachan F, Pfeifer J, and Wexner SD. Defecography and proctography. Results of 744 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:899–905.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Halligan S, Bartram CI, Park HJ, and Kamm MA. Proctographic features of anismus. Radiology. 1995;197:679–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Halligan S, Malouf A, Bartram CI, Marshall M, Hollings N, and Kamm MA. Predictive value of impaired evacuation at proctography in diagnosing anismus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:633–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Karlbom U, Nilsson S, Pahlman L, and Graf W. Defecographic study of rectal evacuation in constipated patients and control subjects. Radiology. 1999;210:103–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wiersma TG, Mulder CJ, Reeders JW, Tytgat GN, and Van Waes PF. Dynamic rectal examination (defecography). Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1994;8:729–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kawimbe BM, Papachrysostomou M, Binnie NR, Clare N, and Smith AN. Outlet obstruction constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback. Gut. 1991;32:1175–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Goei R. Anorectal function in patients with defecation disorders and asymptomatic subjects: evaluation with defecography. Radiology. 1990;174:121–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hiltunen KM, Kolehmainen H, and Matikainen M. Does defecography help in diagnosis and clinical decision-making in defecation disorders? Abdom Imaging. 1994;19:355–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Ott DJ, Donati DL, Kerr RM, and Chen MY. Defecography: results in 55 patients and impact on clinical management. Abdom Imaging. 1994;19:349–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Jones HJ, Swift RI, and Blake H. A prospective audit of the usefulness of evacuating proctography. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1998;80:40–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. O’Connell PR, Kelly KA, and Brown ML. Scintigraphic assessment of neorectal motor function. J Nucl Med. 1986;27:460–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Wald A, Jafri F, Rehder J, and Holeva K. Scintigraphic studies of rectal emptying in patients with constipation and defecatory difficulty. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:353–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Papachrysostomou M, Stevenson AJ, Ferrington C, Merrick MV, and Smith AN. Evaluation of isotope proctography in constipated subjects. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1993;8:18–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hutchinson R, Mostafa AB, Grant EA, et al. Scintigraphic defecography: quantitative and dynamic assessment of anorectal function. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:1132–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kruyt RH, Delemarre JB, Doornbos J, and Vogel HJ. Normal anorectum: dynamic MR imaging anatomy. Radiology. 1991;179:159–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Healy JC, Halligan S, Reznek RH, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor in patients with obstructed defaecation. Br J Surg. 1997;84:1555–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Healy JC, Halligan S, Reznek RH, et al. Dynamic MR imaging compared with evacuation proctography when evaluating anorectal configuration and pelvic floor movement. Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:775–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Matsuoka H, Wexner SD, Desai MB, et al. A comparison between dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and videoproctography in patients with constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:571–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Schoenenberger AW, Debatin JF, Guldenschuh I, Hany TF, Steiner P, and Krestin GP. Dynamic MR defecography with a superconducting, open-configuration MR system. Radiology. 1998;206:641–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Lamb GM, de Jode MG, Gould SW, et al. Upright dynamic MR defaecating proctography in an open configuration MR system. Br J Radiol. 2000;73:152–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Law PA, Danin JC, Lamb GM, Regan L, Darzi A, and Gedroyc WM. Dynamic imaging of the pelvic floor using an open-configuration magnetic resonance scanner. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;13:923–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Bertschinger KM, Hetzer FH, Roos JE, Treiber K, Marincek B, and Hilfiker PR. Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor performed with patient sitting in an open-magnet unit versus with patient supine in a closed-magnet unit. Radiology. 2002;223:501–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Barnes PR and Lennard-Jones JE. Balloon expulsion from the rectum in constipation of different types. Gut. 1985;26:1049–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Turnbull GK, Lennard-Jones JE, and Bartram CI. Failure of rectal expulsion as a cause of constipation: why fibre and laxatives sometimes fail. Lancet. 1986;1:767–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome II process. Gut. 1999;45Suppl 2:II1–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Wallace WC and Madden WM. Experience with partial resection of the puborectalis muscle. Dis Colon Rectum. 1969;12:196–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Barnes PR, Hawley PR, Preston DM, and Lennard-Jones JE. Experience of posterior division of the puborectalis muscle in the management of chronic constipation. Br J Surg. 1985;72:475–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kamm MA, Hawley PR, and Lennard-Jones JE. Lateral division of the puborectalis muscle in the management of severe constipation. Br J Surg. 1988;75:661–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Yoshioka K and Keighley MR. Anorectal myectomy for outlet obstruction. Br J Surg. 1987;74:373–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Yoshioka K and Keighley MR. Randomized trial comparing anorectal myectomy and controlled anal dilatation for outlet obstruction. Br J Surg. 1987;74:1125–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Pinho M, Yoshioka K, and Keighley MR. Long term results of anorectal myectomy for chronic constipation. Br J Surg. 1989;76:1163–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Engel BT, Nikoomanesh P, and Schuster MM. Operant conditioning of rectosphincteric responses in the treatment of fecal incontinence. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:646–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Almy TP and Corson JA. Biofeedback–the light at the end of the tunnel? Gastroenterology. 1979;76:874–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Olness K, McParland FA, and Piper J. Biofeedback: a new modality in the management of children with fecal soiling. J Pediatr. 1980;96:505–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Enck P. Biofeedback training in disordered defecation. A critical review. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:1953–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Dahl J, Lindquist BL, Tysk C, Leissner P, Philipson L, and Jarnerot G. Behavioral medicine treatment in chronic constipation with paradoxical anal sphincter contraction. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:769–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lestar B, Penninckx F, and Kerremans R. Biofeedback defaecation training for anismus. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1991;6:202–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Wexner SD, Cheape JD, Jorge JM, Heymen S, and Jagelman DG. Prospective assessment of biofeedback for the treatment of paradoxical puborectalis contraction. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35:145–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Chiotakakou-Faliakou E, Kamm MA, Roy AJ, Storrie JB, and Turner IC. Biofeedback provides long-term benefit for patients with intractable, slow and normal transit constipation. Gut. 1998;42:517–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Karlbom U, Hallden M, Eeg-Olofsson KE, Pahlman L, and Graf W. Results of biofeedback in constipated patients: a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:1149–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Rieger NA, Wattchow DA, Sarre RG, Saccone GT, Rich CA, Cooper SJ, Marshall VR, and McCall JL. Prospective study of biofeedback for treatment of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:1143–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Weber J, Ducrotte P, Touchais JY, Roussignol C, and Denis P. Biofeedback training for constipation in adults and children. Dis Colon Rectum. 1987;30:844–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Ho YH, Tan M, and Goh HS. Clinical and physiologic effects of biofeedback in outlet obstruction constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:520–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Rao SS, Welcher KD, and Pelsang RE. Effects of biofeedback therapy on anorectal function in obstructive defecation. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:2197–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Park UC, Choi SK, Piccirillo MF, Verzaro R, and Wexner SD. Patterns of anismus and the relation to biofeedback therapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:768–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ko CY, Tong J, Lehman RE, Shelton AA, Schrock TR, and Welton ML. Biofeedback is effective therapy for fecal incontinence and constipation. Arch Surg. 1997;132:829–33; discussion 833-4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Loening-Baucke V. Persistence of chronic constipation in children after biofeedback treatment. Dig Dis Sci. 1991;36:153–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Papachrysostomou M and Smith AN. Effects of biofeedback on obstructive defecation—reconditioning of the defecation reflex? Gut. 1994;35:252–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. McKee RF, McEnroe L, Anderson JH, and Finlay IG. Identification of patients likely to benefit from biofeedback for outlet obstruction constipation. Br J Surg. 1999;86:355–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Heymen S, Wexner SD, Vickers D, Nogueras JJ, Weiss EG, and Pikarsky AJ. Prospective, randomized trial comparing four biofeedback techniques for patients with constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1388–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Bleijenberg G and Kuijpers HC. Biofeedback treatment of constipation: a comparison of two methods. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:1021–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Glia A, Gylin M, Gullberg K, and Lindberg G. Biofeedback retraining in patients with functional constipation and paradoxical puborectalis contraction: comparison of anal manometry and sphincter electromyography for feedback. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:889–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Koutsomanis D, Lennard-Jones JE, Roy AJ, and Kamm MA. Controlled randomised trial of visual biofeedback versus muscle training without a visual display for intractable constipation. Gut. 1995;37:95–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Bleijenberg G and Kuijpers HC. Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback. Dis Colon Rectum. 1987;30:108–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Patankar SK, Ferrara A, Larach SW, et al. Electromyographic assessment of biofeedback training for fecal incontinence and chronic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:907–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Leroi AM, Duval V, Roussignol C, Berkelmans I, Peninque P, and Denis P. Biofeedback for anismus in 15 sexually abused women. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1996;11:187–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Gilliland R, Heymen S, Altomare DF, Park UC, Vickers D, and Wexner SD. Outcome and predictors of success of biofeedback for constipation. Br J Surg. 1997;84:1123–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Dailianas A, Skandalis N, Rimikis MN, Koutsomanis D, Kardasi M, and Archimandritis A. Pelvic floor study in patients with obstructive defecation: influence of biofeedback. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000;30:176–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Wiesel PH, Dorta G, Cuypers P, et al. Patient satisfaction after biofeedback for constipation and pelvic floor dyssynergia. Swiss Med Wkly. 2001;131:152–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Fleshman JW, Dreznik Z, Meyer K, Fry RD, Carney R, and Kodner IJ. Outpatient protocol for biofeedback therapy of pelvic floor outlet obstruction. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Ferrara A, De Jesus S, Gallagher JT, et al. Time-related decay of the benefits of biofeedback therapy. Tech Coloproctol. 2001;5:131–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Enck P, Daublin G, Lubke HJ, and Strohmeyer G. Long-term efficacy of biofeedback training for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:997–1001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Guillemot F, Bouche B, Gower-Rousseau C, et al. Biofeedback for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Long-term clinical results. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:393–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Loening-Baucke V. Biofeedback treatment for chronic constipation and encopresis in childhood: long-term outcome. Pediatrics. 1995;96:105–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Benninga MA, Buller HA, and Taminiau JA. Biofeedback training in chronic constipation. Arch Dis Child. 1993;68:126–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Wald A, Chandra R, Gabel S, and Chiponis D. Evaluation of biofeedback in childhood encopresis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1987;6:554–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Loening-Baucke V. Modulation of abnormal defecation dynamics by biofeedback treatment in chronically constipated children with encopresis. J Pediatr. 1990;116:214–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. van der Plas RN, Benninga MA, Buller HA, et al. Biofeedback training in treatment of childhood constipation: a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 1996;348:776–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. van der Plas RN, Benninga MA, Redekop WK, Taminiau JA, and Buller HA. Randomised trial of biofeedback training for encopresis. Arch Dis Child. 1996;75:367–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Nolan T, Catto-Smith T, Coffey C, and Wells J. Randomised controlled trial of biofeedback training in persistent encopresis with anismus. Arch Dis Child. 1998;79:131–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Borowitz SM, Cox DJ, Sutphen JL, and Kovatchev B. Treatment of childhood encopresis: a randomized trial comparing three treatment protocols. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:378–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Siproudhis L, Dautreme S, Ropert A, et al. Anismus and biofeedback: who benefits? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995;7:547–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Rhee PL, Choi MS, Kim YH, et al. An increased rectal maximum tolerable volume and long anal canal are associated with poor short-term response to biofeedback therapy for patients with anismus with decreased bowel frequency and normal colonic transit time. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:1405–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Lau CW, Heymen S, Alabaz O, Iroatulam AJ, and Wexner SD. Prognostic significance of rectocele, intussusception, and abnormal perineal descent in biofeedback treatment for constipated patients with paradoxical puborectalis contraction. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:478–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Patankar SK, Ferrara A, Levy JR, Larach SW, Williamson PR, and Perozo SE. Biofeedback in colorectal practice: a multicenter, statewide, three-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:827–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Hallan RI, Williams NS, Melling J, Waldron DJ, Womack NR, and Morrison JF. Treatment of anismus in intractable constipation with botulinum A toxin. Lancet. 1988;2:714–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Joo JS, Agachan F, Wolff B, Nogueras JJ, and Wexner SD. Initial North American experience with botulinum toxin type A for treatment of anismus. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:1107–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Maria G, Brisinda G, Bentivoglio AR, Cassetta E, and Albanese A. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of outlet obstruction constipation caused by puborectalis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:376–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Ron Y, Avni Y, Lukovetski A, et al. Botulinum toxin type-A in therapy of patients with anismus. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:1821–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Tanagho EA and Schmidt RA. Bladder pacemaker: scientific basis and clinical future. Urology. 1982;20:614–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Matzel KE, Bittorf B, Stadelmaier U, and Hohenberger W. Sacral nerve stimulation in the treatment of fecal incontinence. Chirurg. 2003;74:26–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Malouf AJ, Wiesel PH, Nicholls T, Nicholls RJ, and Kamm MA. Short-term effects of sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic slow transit constipation. World J Surg. 2002;26:166–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Kenefick NJ, Nicholls RJ, Cohen RG, and Kamm MA. Permanent sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of idiopathic constipation. Br J Surg. 2002;89:882–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Kenefick NJ, Vaizey CJ, Cohen CR, Nicholls RJ, and Kamm MA. Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic constipation. Br J Surg. 2002;89:1570–1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Halverson AL, and Orkin BA. Which psychological tests are useful in patients with constipation? Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:735–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Rao SSC, Welcher KD, Leistikow JS. Obstruction defecation: a failure of rectoanal coordination. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:1042–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Gosselink MJ and Schouten WR. Rectal sensory perception in females with obstructed defecation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:1337–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rhoads, K.F., Garcia-Aguilar, J. (2005). Anismus. In: Complex Anorectal Disorders. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-057-5_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-057-5_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-690-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-057-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics