Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

History, Clinical Examination, and Basic Physiology

  • Chapter
Complex Anorectal Disorders

  • 819 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Wexner SD, and Jorge JMN. Colorectal physiological tests: use or abuse of technology? Eur J Surg. 1994;160:167–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Keating JP, Stewart PJ, Eyers AA, Warner D, and Bokey EL. Are special investigations of value in the management of patients with fecal incontinence? Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:896–901.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Halverson AL, and Orkin BA. Which physiologic tests are useful in patients with constipation? Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:735–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Vaizey CJ, and Kamm MA. Prospective assessment of the clinical value of anorectal investigations. Digestion. 2000;61:201–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Karulf RE, Coller JA, Bartolo DCC, Bowden DO, Roberts PL, Murray JJ, Schoetz DJ Jr, and Veidenheimer MC. Anorectal physiology testing: a survey of availability and use. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:464–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Whitehead WE, Chaussade S, Corazziari E, and Kumar D. Report of an international workshop on management of constipation. Gastroenterol Int. 1991;4;99–112.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kruis W, Thieme C, Weinzierl M, Schussles P, Holl J, and Paulus W. A diagnostic score for irritable bowel syndrome. Its value in the exclusion of organic disease. Gastroenterology. 1984;87:1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Agachan F, Chen T, Pfeifer J, Reissman P, and Wexner SD. A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:681–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Knowles CH, Eccersley AJ, Scott SM, Walker SM, Reeves B, and Lunniss PJ. Linear discriminant analysis of symptoms in patients with chronic constipation. Validation of a new scoring system (KESS). Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:1419–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Koch A, Voderholzer WA, Klauser AG, and Müller-Lissner S. Symptoms in chronic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:902–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Leigh RJ, and Turnberg LA. Faecal incontinence: the invoiced symptom. Lancet. 1982;1:1349–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jorge JMN, and Wexner SD. Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:77–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rockwood TH, Church JM, Fleshman JW, Kane RL, Mavrantonis C, Thorson AG, Wexner SD, Bliss D, and Lowry AC. Fecal incontinence quality of life scale: quality of life instrument for patients with fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:9–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pescatori M, Anastasio G, Bottini C, and Mentasti A. New grading and scoring for anal incontinence. Evaluation of 335 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35:482–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Vaizey CJ, Carapeti E, Cahill JA, and Kamm MA. Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems. Gut. 1999;44:77–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Reilly WT, Talley NJ, Pemberton JH, and Zinsmeister AR. Validation of a questionnaire to assess fecal incontinence and associated risk factors. Fecal Incontinence Questionnaire. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:146–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pescatori M, and Quandamcarlo C. A new grading of rectal internal mucosal prolapse and its correlation with diagnosis and treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1999;14:245–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Milligan ETC, and Morgan CN. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal: with special reference to anorectal fistulae. Lancet. 1934;2:1150–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Connell AM, Frankel H, and Guttman L. The motility of the pelvic colon following complete lesions of the spinal cord. Paraplegia. 1963;104:98–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Miller R, Duthie GS, Bartolo DC, Roe AM, Locke-Edmunds J, and Mortensen NJ. Anismus in patients with normal and slow transit constipation. Br J Surg. 1991;78:690–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Heslop JH. Piles, and rectoceles. Aust N Z J Surg. 1987;57:935–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bremmer S. Peritoneocele. A radiologic study with defaeco-peritoneography. Acta Radiologica. 1998;413Suppl:1–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Holley RI. Enterocele: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1994;49:284–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nichols DH, and Randall CL. Vaginal surgery. 3rd ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 1989. p. 313–327.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Imparato E, Aspesi G, Rovetta E, and Presti M. Surgical management and prevention of vaginal vault prolapse. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992;175:233–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kenton K, Shott S, and Brubaker L. The anatomic and functional variability of rectocele in women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1999;10:96–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Felt-Bersma RJF, Klinkenberg-Knol LB, and Meuwissen SGM. Investigation of anorectal function. Br J Surg. 1988;75:53–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Eckardt VF, and Elmer T. Reliability of anal pressure measurements. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:72–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Carty NJ, Moran B, and Johnson CD. Anorectal physiology measurements are of no value in clinical practice. True or false? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1994;76:276–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ayabaca SM, Zbar AP, and Pescatori M. Anal continence after rectocele repair. Int J Colorect Dis. 2002;45:63–9.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Pescatori M, Maria G, and Anastasio G. “Spasm related” internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of anal fissure. A randomized prospective study. Coloproctology. 1991;1:20–2.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zbar AP, and Kmiot WA. Anorectal Investigation. In: Phillips RKS, editor. A companion to specialist surgical practice; colorectal surgery. 1st ed. London: WB Saunders; 1997. p. 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Smith LE. Practical guide to anorectal testing. 2nd ed. New York: Igaku-Shoin; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Coller JA. Clinical application of anorectal manometry. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1987;16:17–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Jorge JMN, and Wexner SD. Anorectal manometry: techniques and clinical applications. South Med J. 1993;86:924–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zbar AP, Aslam M, Hider A, Toomey P, and Kmiot WA. Comparison of vector volume manometry with conventional manometry in anorectal dysfunction. Tech Coloproctol. 1998;2:84–90.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jorge JMN, and Habr-Gama A. The value of sphincteric asymmetry index analysis in anal incontinence. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2000;15:303–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Frenckner B, and Euler CHRV. Influence of pudendal block on the function of the anal sphincters. Gut. 1975;16:482–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lestar B, Penninckx F, and Kerremans R. The composition of anal basal pressure. An in vivo and in vitro study in man. Int J Colorect Dis. 1989;4:118–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gibbons CP, Trowbridge EA, Bannister JJ, and Read NW. Role of anal cushions in maintaining continence. Lancet. 1986;1:886–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Zbar AP, Jayne DG, Mathur D, Ambrose NS, and Guillou PJ. The importance of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in maintaining continence: anatomical, physiological and pharmacological considerations. Colorectal Dis. 2000;2:193–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Sun WM, Read NW, and Donnelly TC. Impaired internal anal sphincter in a subgroup of patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:130–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kaur G, Gardiner A, and Duthie GS. Rectoanal reflex parameters in incontinence and constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:928–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zbar AP, Aslam M, Gold DM, Gatzen G, Gosling A, and Kmiot WA. Parameters of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence and chronic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:200–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zbar AP, and Ramesh J. Parameters of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in different anorectal disorders. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:557–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Collins CD, Brown BH, Whittaker GE, and Duthie HL. New method of measuring forces in the anal canal. Gut. 1969;10:160–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Taylor BM, Beart RW, and Phillips SF. Longitudinal and radial variations of pressure in the human anal sphincter. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:693–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Braun JC, Treutner KH, Dreuw B, Klimaszewski M, and Schlumpelick V. Vectormanometry for differential diagnosis of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:989–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Goes RN, Simons AJ, Masri L, and Beart RW Jr. Gradient of pressure and time between proximal anal canal and high-pressure zone during internal anal sphincter relaxation: its role in the fecal continence mechanism. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:1043–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Marcello PW, Barrett RC, Coller JA, Schoetz DJ Jr, Roberts PL, Murray JJ, and Rusin LC. Fatigue rate index as a new measurement of external sphincter function. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:336–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Garavoglia M, Borghi F, and Levi AC. Arrangement of the anal striated musculature. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:10–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Swash M. Histopathology of pelvic floor muscles in pelvic floor disorders. In: Henry MM and Swash M, editors. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.; 1992. p. 173–83.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Farouk R, Duthie GS, and Bartolo DCG. Functional anorectal disorders and physiological evaluation. In: Beck DE and Wexner SD, editors. Fundamentals of anorectal surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1992. p. 68–88.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Parks AG, Porter NH, and Hardcastle J. The syndrome of the descending perineum. Proc R Soc Med. 1966;59:477–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bartolo DCC, Roe AM, Locke-Edmunds JC, Virjee J, and Mortensen NJM. Flap-valve theory of anorectal continence. Br J Surg. 1986;73:1012–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Bannister JJ, Gibbons C, and Read NW. Preservation of faecal continence during rises in intra-abdominal pressure: is there a role for the flap valve? Gut. 1987;28:1242–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kumar D, and Wingate DL. Colorectal motility. In: Henry MM and Swash M, editors. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.; 1992. p. 72–85.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Wexner SD, and Bartolo DCC. Constipation. Etiology, evaluation and management. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Miller R, Bartolo DCC, Cervero F, Mortensen NJM. Anorectal sampling: a comparison of normal and incontinent patients. Br J Surg. 1988;75:44–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Coloproctology, Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Brazil

    J. Marcio & N. Jorge MD

Authors
  1. J. Marcio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Jorge MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marcio, J., Jorge, N. (2005). History, Clinical Examination, and Basic Physiology. In: Complex Anorectal Disorders. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-057-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-057-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-690-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-057-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation